1. Key questions

2. Your English GCSE exams
English Language: 2 exams
Paper 1: Explorations in creative reading and writing
Paper 2: Non fiction texts
English Literature: 2 exams
Paper 1: Shakespeare and the 19th Century Novel
Paper 2: Modern texts and poetry

3. Literature Paper 1: ‘Macbeth’ by William Shakespeare
20% of Literature mark

4. Literature Assessment
This exam will take place at the end of Year 11
Section A Shakespeare: students will answer
one question on ‘Macbeth’. They will
be required to write in detail about an extract
from the play and then to write about the play
as a whole.
The ‘Macbeth’ assessment is worth 20% of your Literature mark. 34 marks in total(30 marks) plus (4 marks for SPAG)
You will have minutes to answer both parts of the question.

5. Assessment Objectives – what do they actually mean?
AO1: Read, understand and respond to texts. Students should be able to: maintain a critical style and develop an informed personal response use textual references, including quotations, to support and illustrate interpretations.
AO2: Analyse the language, form and structure used by a writer to create meanings and effects, using relevant subject terminology where appropriate.
AO3: Show understanding of the relationships between texts and the contexts in which they were written.
AO4: Use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures for clarity, purpose and effect, with accurate spelling and punctuation.

6. Tragedy What do you know about this form of play?
What terminology do you associate with this form of play?
There are a number of key ingredients that make up a Shakespearean tragedy…

7. The Tragic Hero There is (usually) only one tragic hero.
Tragic Heroes are usually great men.
 Tragic heroes are usually powerful.
They are often noble and respected (this may be because of their family status, their ability as a leader or as a soldier).
The tragic hero may also display characteristics such as determination, bravery and strength.
Whilst these are admirable, the tragic hero may also be frightening.
Tragic heroes will have a flaw, they will make mistakes that will eventually cause chaos.
Can you think of any characters from books/films/plays or real life who you could classify a TRAGIC HERO?

8. The Tragic Flaw
Hamartia (Greek) - In a tragedy, the quality within the Tragic Hero or heroine which leads to his or her downfall. The flaw often takes the form of obsession.
The Abnormal, The Supernatural, Fate/Fortune/Chance
Shakespeare also introduces the supernatural: ghosts and witches who have supernatural knowledge
Shakespeare, in most tragedies, allows “chance” in some form to influence some of the action. Men may start a course of events but cannot control it.
Tragic Conflicts
The action of the protagonist/tragic hero is most often motivated by external (outside) and internal (personal – inside) conflicts.

9. The Tragic Pattern
The hero - a man of high estate- A king, a prince, a general
Early on in the play, the audience will become aware of the hero´s obsession, conflict and tragic flaw.
The conflicts in the play become more dramatic and the hero has little control.
Misreadings – the hero will misunderstand people or events and will make bad decisions
Bad things will continue to happen
The hero will become more isolated and alone
Opposition- Other people in the play will begin to realize that the hero is making bad decisions and will begin to plot against him.
The Tragic Hero may accept responsibility for what has happened.
Last attempt by the hero to restore his greatness
The Tragic Hero shows the audience the nobility of his heart, and the audience recognizes his loss as a waste.
Death of the Tragic Hero
12. Restoration of order

10. Religious Imagery
What were the Jacobean preoccupations of the time? (Elizabeth had recently died. Macbeth is a JACOBEAN play) ‘Jacobean’ describes the period of English history that coincides with the reign of James I of England (1603–1625)

11. Religious beliefs and superstitions in Jacobean england
The fear of unstable government preoccupied the minds of the people at this time. Civil war, plague, famine and unrest was a looming threat. If the divine order was threatened by unstable government (like Macbeth, who had stolen power from a just, wise and pious King Duncan) the whole of society would fall. It was essential to maintain stability and order. The Divine Right of Kings could not be tampered with. Also, the Jacobean audience were incredibly religious and God- fearing. They fervently believed in Heaven and Hell. They were also incredibly superstitious and they believed in/ feared the supernatural.

12. Witches
The play contains a lot of opposites: good versus evil, loyalty versus treachery, natural verses unnatural. These contradictions serve to make the atmosphere of the play as confusing as possible.
Making sense of the World
These days we know why natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and droughts take place. Science is detailed and precise in its explanations.
In Shakespeare’s time, there was no such science and so people invented all sorts of explanations to explain why bad things happened.
One of the ways they accounted for the unexplained was the idea of witches. Before the rise of Christianity, people strongly believed in witches.
Once Christianity became established, the works of the devil became associated with witches. It was thought that witches were in league with the devil.

13. People believed witches could:
King James 1
King James 1 was on the throne when the play was written. The King was fascinated by witches (he wrote a book on the subject entitled ‘Deamonologie’) and so it is not surprising that ‘Macbeth’ is dominated by their shadowy presence.
During his reign, Parliament passed a law concerning witchcraft which condemned anyone to death who practised it.
People believed witches could:
Fly through the air.
Predict the future
Vanish into thin air.
Become your mortal enemy if you refused them food.
Make people mad.
Control the weather.
Cast spells to ensure victory in battle.
Never be trusted because they were evil.
Use animals to carry out tasks for them.

14. Act 1, Scene 1: The Witches in ‘Macbeth’

15. As we read Act 1, Scene 1, make a note of the following
Activity One
Highlight words that suggest disorder/ chaos/ conflict and fighting.
Highlight, in a different colour, phrases that seem to contradict themselves.
Write down three things you notice about the way the witches speak and try and explain the effect of those three things.
What do you realise about the setting? What atmosphere is Shakespeare creating?

16. questions
1.How would you describe the mood and atmosphere in the opening scene of ‘Macbeth’?
2. What do you think the phrase ‘fair is foul and foul is fair’ implies?
3. How do you think a Jacobean audience would have felt watching this opening scene with the witches? Think about:
- Language
- Characters
-Stage directions

17. King Duncan: Act 1, Scene 2
Scene 2: The King of Scotland -How does Duncan come across to the audience in this scene? -Find evidence to suggest that Duncan trusts Macbeth. Extension: Find examples to show that Duncan wishes to punish someone for treachery and betrayal.

18. Key Quotes from Act 1, Scene 2
‘brave Macbeth’
‘with his brandished steel, which smoked with bloody execution’
‘they smack of honour both’
‘Betrayed Scotland’
‘assisted by the most disloyal traitor’
‘go pronounce his present death and with his former title greet Macbeth.’

19. Act 1, Scene 3
As we read through this scene, find words, phrases and stage directions to indicate to the audience that Macbeth is evil

20. Act 1 Scene 3: Macbeth Encounters the evil witches
1.Why does the phrase: ‘so fair and foul a day I have not seen’ instantly associate Macbeth with the witches to the audience?
2. Find two quotes to convey that Macbeth wants to hear more of their prophecies…
3.Why does Banquo say: ‘What! Can the devil speak true?’

21. Stage Directions
Why do you think that Shakespeare has Macbeth speaking ‘aside’ so frequently in this scene? How does this stage direction make the audience feel towards Macbeth? Find three phrases which imply that Macbeth is experiencing inner conflict about the prospect of murdering Duncan. Example: ‘This supernatural soliciting cannot be ill; cannot be good’.

22. Dramatic Irony Dramatic Irony:
This is a literary device that is inherent in speeches, monologues or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.
What do we know that the characters don’t know thus far in Act 1?

23. Act 1 Scene 4
1. How would you describe Macbeth and Duncan's relationship in this scene?
2. Would the audience feel pity for Duncan and why?
3. Explore the use of language in the following phrases…
-’The Prince of Cumberland!- that is a step on which I must fall down or else o’erleap’
- ‘stars hide your fires! Let not light see my black and deep desires;’

24. Extract on King Duncan: How does Shakespeare present King Duncan in this speech?
     There’s no art
To find the mind’s construction in the face.
He was a gentleman on whom I built
An absolute trust.
Enter MACBETH, BANQUO, ROSS, and ANGUS
(to MACBETH) O worthiest cousin,
The sin of my ingratitude even now
Was heavy on me. Thou art so far before
That swiftest wing of recompense is slow
To overtake thee. Would thou hadst less deserved,
That the proportion both of thanks and payment
Might have been mine! Only I have left to say,
More is thy due than more than all can pay.

25. Extract on Macbeth
How does Shakespeare present Macbeth in this speech?
MACBETH (aside) The prince of Cumberland! That is a step
On which I must fall down, or else o'erleap,
For in my way it lies. Stars, hide your fires;
Let not light see my black and deep desires.
The eye wink at the hand, yet let that be
Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see.

26. Lady Macbeth
As we read through these two scenes, consider how Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth to the audience.
Do you have a positive or negative view of her after reading both scenes?

27. Act 1 Scene 5 and 6: Lady Macbeth
1. What is your first impression of his wife?
2.What is her response to Macbeths letter and her news?
3.Find three quotes to suggest that she demonstrates no sense of fear or anxiety about the murder.
4. Who seems to have more power in their relationship and why do you think this?
5.Which one of them orchestrates/ arranges the murder?
6.In Act 6, how does she behave towards Duncan and how is she presented to the audience?

28. Extract on Lady Macbeth
Starting with this speech, explain how far you think Shakespeare presents Lady Macbeth as a powerful woman.
The raven himself is hoarse
That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncan
Under my battlements. Come, you spirits
That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here,
And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full
Of direst cruelty. Make thick my blood.
Stop up the access and passage to remorse,
That no compunctious visitings of nature
Shake my fell purpose, nor keep peace between
The effect and it! Come to my woman’s breasts,
And take my milk for gall, you murd'ring ministers,
Wherever in your sightless substances
You wait on nature’s mischief. Come, thick night,
And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell,
That my keen knife see not the wound it makes,
Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark
To cry “Hold, hold!”

29. Key Term: Soliloquy
What is a soliloquy and why is it used so frequently in plays? What impact does it have on the audience?

30. Soliloquy
What is a soliloquy and why is it used so frequently in plays?
-A soliloquy is when an actor reveals his deepest secrets and desires to the eagerly awaiting audience.
What impact does it have on the audience?
-It makes the audience understand and empathise with the character and the inner conflict they are experiencing.
- We can sympathise with their emotions/ feelings and the unfortunate position they are in.
- It also enables the viewer to feel as though they are one step ahead of the characters on stage.

31. Act 1 Scene 7
What quotes show us that Lady Macbeth has manipulated her husband into killing King Duncan?
How does Shakespeare reveal to the audience that Lady Macbeth is more ruthless and heartless than he husband?

32. How does Shakespeare make you feel pity for Macbeth and hatred towards Lady Macbeth to the audience Act 1, Scene 7?
-Write a detailed response analysing the language
-Use P.Q. E in your answer ( Point, Quotation and Explanation) -

33. Starting with this speech, explain how far you think Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a moralistic man?
Hautboys play. The stage is lit by torches. A butler enters, and various servants carry utensils and dishes of food across the stage. Then MACBETH enters.
MACBETH If it were done when ’tis done, then ’twere well
It were done quickly. If the assassination
Could trammel up the consequence, and catch
With his surcease success; that but this blow
Might be the be-all and the end-all here,
But here, upon this bank and shoal of time,
We’d jump the life to come. But in these cases
We still have judgment here, that we but teach
Bloody instructions, which, being taught, return
To plague th' inventor: this even-handed justice
Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice
To our own lips. He’s here in double trust:
First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,
Strong both against the deed; then, as his host,
Who should against his murderer shut the door,
Not bear the knife myself.

34. Peer assess using green pens and identify the following AO’S
AO1: Read, understand and respond to texts. Students should be able to: maintain a critical style and develop an informed personal response use textual references, including quotations, to support and illustrate interpretations.
AO2: Analyse the language, form and structure used by a writer to create meanings and effects, using relevant subject terminology where appropriate.
AO3: Show understanding of the relationships between texts and the contexts in which they were written.
AO4: Use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures for clarity, purpose and effect, with accurate spelling and punctuation.

35. Act 1 Key Quotes to learn: Macbeth
Act 1, scene 3: ‘(aside)two truths are told, as happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme’
‘whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make y seated heart knock at my ribs against the use of nature?’
‘if chance will have me King, why chance may crown me without my stir
Act 1, scene 5: ‘We will speak further-’
Act 1, scene 7: ‘we but teach bloody instructions, which being taught return to play th’inventor’
‘not bear the knife myself’
‘vaulting ambition which o’er leaps itself’
‘we will proceed no further in this business’
‘false face must hide what the false heart doth know’

36. Act 1 Key Quotes to learn: Lady Macbeth
Act 1, Scene 5: ‘Come you spirits’…’unsex me here’ ‘make thick my blood’
‘Your face, my thane, is a book where men may read strange matters’
‘look like th’innocent flower, but be the serpent under’t’
Act 1, scene 6: ‘all our service, in every point twice done and then done double’
Act 1, scene 7: ‘art thou afeared to be the same in thine own act and valour as thou art in desire?’
‘what beast was’t then that made you break this enterprise to me?’
‘when you durst do it, then you were a man’
‘I would while it was smiling in my face, have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums and dashed the brains out’
‘screw your courage to the sticking place and we’ll not fail’

37. Find evidence to support the following points
Banquo:
He seems anxious and on edge.
Banquo is fearful of what the witches prophesised.
Macbeth:
He is deceitful to friend.
Macbeth also seems quite tense.

38. Infamous Soliloquy: Act 2, Scene 1
Identify the figurative language in the following phrases.
1. ‘Is this a dagger…the handle toward my hand?’
2. ‘Come, let me clutch thee’
3. ‘Bloody Business’
4. ‘Towards his designs moves like a ghost’
5. ‘Thy very stones prate of my whereabouts’
Think about what the language reveals to the audience about his emotions at this point.
Personification.
Rhetorical question
Bossy verbs.
Alliteration
Simile

39. KEY SCENE ACT 2, SCENE 2
Predictions- How would you expect Macbeth to react directly after the murder?
How would you expect Lady Macbeth to react directly after the murder?

40. Find Evidence to support…
Macbeths feelings of guilt.
-Total remorse
- Regret
- Weakness/ paranoia
Lady Macbeths lack of guilt.
- Careless nature
- Impatience
-Control/ power

41. Analysing Language
Think about how Shakespeare uses Language to emphasis Macbeths feelings of regret and remorse.
‘Didst thou not hear a noise?’
(Looking at his hands) ‘This is a sorry sight’
‘Amen stuck in my throat’
‘Macbeth does murder sleep- the innocent sleep’
‘Macbeth shall sleep no more!’
‘I’ll go no more: I am afraid to think what I have done’
‘Will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?’
‘To know my deed, ’twere best not know myself’
‘Wake Duncan with thy knocking: I would thou couldst!’

42. Lady Macbeths Language
Analyse some of her language and consider how she seems to be experiencing no Inner Conflict
‘What hath quenched them hath given me fire’
‘ Alack! I am afraid they have awaked, and ‘t is not done’
‘Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had done’t.’
‘A foolish thought to say a sorry sight’
‘Consider it not so deeply’
‘Infirm of purpose!’
‘My hands are of your colour: but I shame to wear a heart so white’
‘A little water clears us of this deed’
‘Be not lost so poorly in your thoughts’

43. Analysing Form and Structure
Their dialogue to each other at the start of the scene contains a series of short, sharp questions which accurately reflects their sense of anxiety. Their nerves are shattered. ‘When?’
‘Now’ ‘Ay’
Macbeths speech is incredibly erratic, discordant and disjointed- ‘Cawdor shall sleep no more, Macbeth shall sleep no more!’ ‘What hands are here? Ha!’
There are a number of hyphens and rhetorical questions throughout he scene which reinforce the sense of tension and suspense.’ Whence is that knocking?’
There are a number of long turns of speech which indicate that Macbeth has a great deal on his mind. He is consumed by guilt and regret.

44. Act 2 Scene 3: Reaction to Duncan's death
Who do you anticipate will be more convincing when it comes to acting more innocently and why? Macbeth or his wife?

45. How does Shakespeare use Language to show Macduff’s reaction to the muder of King Duncan?
 Approach the chamber, and destroy your sight
With a new Gorgon: do not bid me speak;
See, and then speak yourselves.
Exeunt MACBETH and LENNOX
Awake, awake!
Ring the alarum-bell. Murder and treason!
Banquo and Donalbain! Malcolm! awake!
Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit,
And look on death itself! up, up, and see
The great doom's image! Malcolm! Banquo!
As from your graves rise up, and walk like sprites,
To countenance this horror! Ring the bell.
Bell rings.

46. How does Shakespeare present Macbeth as a deceitful and dishonest character in this speech?
Had I but died an hour before this chance, I had lived a blessed time; for, from this instant,
There 's nothing serious in mortality:
All is but toys: renown and grace is dead;
The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees
 100
Is left this vault to brag of.
Enter MALCOLM and DONALBAIN.

47. Act 2 Scene 4: Who did it?
After reading this scene, is everything going to plan so far for Macbeth Lady Macbeth: How?

48. How does Shakespeare present Banquo as being a suspicious character?
Thou hast it now: king, Cawdor, Glamis, all,
As the weird women promised, and, I fear,
Thou play'dst most foully for't: yet it was said
It should not stand in thy posterity,
But that myself should be the root and father
Of many kings. If there come truth from them--
As upon thee, Macbeth, their speeches shine--
Why, by the verities on thee made good, 
May they not be my oracles as well, 
And set me up in hope? But hush! no more.

49. Starting with this speech, explain how far you think Shakespeare presents Macbeth as a suspicious character.
To be thus is nothing,
But to be safely thus.--Our fears in Banquo
Stick deep; and in his royalty of nature
Reigns that which would be fear'd: 'tis much he dares;
And, to that dauntless temper of his mind, 55
He hath a wisdom that doth guide his valour
To act in safety. There is none but he
Whose being I do fear: and, under him,
My Genius is rebuked; as, it is said,
Mark Antony's was by Caesar. He chid the sisters 60
When first they put the name of king upon me,
And bade them speak to him: then prophet-like
They hail'd him father to a line of kings:
Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown,
And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, 65
Thence to be wrench'd with an unlineal hand,
No son of mine succeeding. If 't be so,
For Banquo's issue have I filed my mind;
For them the gracious Duncan have I murder'd;
Put rancours in the vessel of my peace 70
Only for them; and mine eternal jewel
Given to the common enemy of man,
To make them kings, the seed of Banquo kings!
Rather than so, come fate into the list.
And champion me to the utterance! Who's there! 75
[Re-enter Attendant, with two Murderers]
Now go to the door, and stay there till we call.

50. Key Quotes to learn from Act 2
Lady Macbeth:
‘a foolish thought to say a sorry sight’
‘consider it not so deeply’
‘these deeds must not be thought of after these ways; so it will make us mad’
‘infirm of purpose! Give me the daggers’
‘my hands are of your colour, but I shame to wear a heart so white’
‘woe alas, what in our house?’
‘Help me hence’
Macbeth:
‘this is a sorry sight’
‘these hangman’s hands’
‘ I could not say Amen when they did say God Bless us’
‘Macbeth shall sleep no more’
‘will all great Neptune’s ocean wash this blood clean from my hand?
‘I am afraid to think what I have done; lone on’t again, I dare not’
‘Had I but died an hour before this chance, I had lived a blessed time’

51. Act 3 Scene 1,2 and : Macbeth’s transformation
1. How has Macbeth changed since Act 2, Scene 2?
2. Why does he hire murderers to kill Banquo and his son Fleance and how does the audience begin to view him in a different light?
3. What does the phrase: ‘Be innocent of the knowledge dearest chuck…’ tell you about his current relationship with his wife?
4. In Act 3, Scene 4, something goes terribly wrong for Macbeth. Fleance ( Banquo’s son) escapes and this is a hugely significant point in the play- why?

52. Act 3 Scene 4 How does his guilt and regret return in this scene?
Do you think he would he feel this remorseful if the murder of Banquo went entirely to plan?
Why do you think he decided not to tell his wife about his plan to murder Banquo and Fleance?

53. Key Quotes from Act 3 to learn
Macbeth: ‘ to be thus is nothing, but to be safely thus’
‘our fears in Banquo stick deep’
‘Banquo, thy soul’s flight, if it find heaven, must find it out tonight’
‘we have scorched the snake, not killed it’
‘o full of scorpions is my mind dear wife’
‘be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck till thou applaud the deed’
‘I am in blood stepped in so far that should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go o’er’
Lady Macbeth:
‘nought’s had, all’s spent where our desire is got without content’
‘be bright and jovial among your guests tonight’
‘sit worthy friends, my Lord is often thus’
‘You have displaced the mirth, broke the good meeting with most admired disorder’

54. Act 4: The Murders Continue…
Who else may Macbeth will to kill and why?

55. Apparitions Create a spider diagram in your book around this word
What is an apparition?
If you were in Macbeth’s position, would you trust the witches apparitions?
As we read though Act 4, Scene 1, make a note of each of the apparitions that the witches show Macbeth.

56. Macbeth is seeking advice from the witches
Macbeth is seeking advice from the witches. What does that tell you about his current predicament?
Is this a good or bad idea and why?
How would the audience view him at this point in the play?

57. Act 4, Scene 1: The witches return
1. How would you describe the language of the witches as they concoct their spell?
2. What is the phrase ‘double double toil and trouble, fire burn and cauldron bubble’ and example of?
3. Why does Macbeth visit the witches when he himself even refers to them as ‘ black and midnight hags’?

58. Analysing the apparitions
1.The first Apparition=
Macbeths reaction to this warning=

59. 2.The second Apparition= ‘For none of woman born shall harm Macbeth’=
Macbeths reaction to this warning=

60. And Finally…
3.The third Apparition= ‘Macbeth shall never vanquished be , until the Great Birnam wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him’.
Macbeths reaction to this=

61. Starting with this speech, explain how far you think Shakespeare presents Macbeth as an insane character
A show of eight kings, the last with a glass in his hand, followed by BANQUO
MACBETH Thou art too like the spirit of Banquo. Down!
Thy crown does sear mine eyeballs. And thy hair,
Thou other gold-bound brow, is like the first.
A third is like the former.—Filthy hags!
Why do you show me this? A fourth? Start, eyes!
What, will the line stretch out to th' crack of doom?
Another yet? A seventh? I’ll see no more.
And yet the eighth appears, who bears a glass
Which shows me many more, and some I see
That twofold balls and treble scepters carry.
Horrible sight! Now I see ’tis true;
For the blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me
And points at them for his.
(Exeunt show of kings and Banquo’s Ghost)

62. Act 4, Scene 2 How have our perceptions of Macbeth changed?
If you were Macduff, how would you react to Macbeths actions?

63. Starting with this speech, to what extent does Shakespeare present MACBETH AS A TYRANNICAL CHARACTER?
(Aside) Time, thou anticipat’st my dread exploits. The flighty purpose never is o'ertook Unless the deed go with it. From this moment The very firstlings of my heart shall be The firstlings of my hand. And even now, To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done: The castle of Macduff I will surprise, Seize upon Fife, give to th' edge o' th' sword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line. No boasting like a fool. This deed I’ll do before this purpose cool. But no more sights!—Where are these gentlemen? Come, bring me where they are. (Exeunt)

64. Act 4 Scene 3
Who do you want to win in the battle to rule Scotland and why?
-The tyrannical and murderous Macbeth?
-Or…the vengeful Macduff and Malcolm?

65. Look closely at the language used by Malcolm here when he describes scotland
How do these words and phrases reveal how Malcolm feels about what Macbeth has done to his beloved Scotland?
‘ I think our country sinks beneath the yoke’
‘It weeps, it bleeds’
‘Each new day as gash is added to her wounds’
‘my country shall have more vices than it had before’
‘more suffer, and more sundry ways than ever by him that shall succeed’

66. Look closely at what the language Macduff uses in this speech to persuade MALCOLM TO RULE sCOTLAND
‘fit to govern?’
‘O nation miserable!’
‘an untitled tyrant’
‘’thy royal father was a most sainted King’
How does Shakepeare use language to show how passionate, patriotic and perusasive Macduff is?

67. To what extent are Malcolm and Macduff presented as vengeful characters?
Be comforted.
Let’s make us med'cines of our great revenge,
To cure this deadly grief.
MACDUFF
He has no children. All my pretty ones?
Did you say all? O hell-kite! All?
What, all my pretty chickens and their dam
At one fell swoop?
Dispute it like a man.
I shall do so,
But I must also feel it as a man.
I cannot but remember such things were
That were most precious to me. Did heaven look on,
And would not take their part? Sinful Macduff,
They were all struck for thee! Naught that I am,
Not for their own demerits, but for mine,
Fell slaughter on their souls. Heaven rest them now.
Be this the whetstone of your sword. Let grief
Convert to anger. Blunt not the heart, enrage it

68. Key quotes to learn and revise for Act 4
Macbeth: ‘Answer me to what I ask you’
‘then live thee Macduff, what need I fear of thee?’
‘But yet I’ll make assurance double sure and take a bond of fate’
‘That will never be’
‘shall Banquo’s issue ever reign in this Kingdom?’
(aside)‘The castle of Macduff I will surprise’
(aside)‘give to th’edge o’the sword his wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls that trace him in his line’

69. LO: To be able to analyse the transformation of Lady Macbeth in Act 5
Macbeth Act 5
LO: To be able to analyse the transformation of Lady Macbeth in Act 5

70. Key Scene: Act 5 Scene 1
How and why will Lady Macbeth change and transform at this point in the play?
She felt no regret, remorse or emotion at the start of the play( in Acts 1 or 2)
What signs/ behaviour might she exude to depict her emotionally fragile state?

71. Describe what you think the role of The Gentlewoman and the Doctor is in this scene?
How have they ( as commentators) helped/ enabled us to understand her insanity?
Have our perceptions of her changed at all? How and why?

72. Analyse the language about Lady Macbeth
Doctor:
1. ‘ A great perturbation in nature’=
2. ‘Look how she rubs her hands’=
3. ‘The heart is sorely charged’=
Gentlewoman
1. ‘Take forth paper…write upon’t…while in a most fast sleep’=
2. ‘She has light by her continually’=
3. ‘She has spoke what she should not’=

73. Lady Macbeth
LADY MACBETH Out, damned spot! Out, I say!—One, two. Why, then, ’tis time to do ’t. Hell is murky!—Fie, my lord, fie! A soldier, and afeard? What need we fear who knows it, when none can call our power to account?—Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him.
What devices does Shakespeare use to present Lady Macbeth in this speech?

74. Language in Act 5, Scene 1
Shakespeare’s persistent use of repetition emphasises Lady Macbeths internal agony and anguish: ‘Out, damned spot! out, I say!’
In this sleepwalking scene, Lady Macbeth reaffirms the fact that they will never be free of this cruel and chilling crime. Even ‘all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand’ This hyperbole depicts how regretful and remorseful she is currently feeling.
Furthermore, she relives her previous advice that she gave to Macbeth warning him to ‘put on (his) nightgown; look not so pale’. These bossy verbs are an indication to the audience that perhaps she feels wholly responsible for the treacherous murder of Duncan as she encouraged, motivated and emotionally blackmailed Macbeth to do ‘the deed’.

75. Context
How were women viewed in the Jacobean era/ 1600’s/ 17th Century?
Why does
Shakespeare show
Lady Macbeth
as weak, insane, fragile and
emotionally unstable in Act 5, when in Act 1 and 2, she was the dominant and controlling one?

76. Structure in Act 5 Scene 1
Like her husband in Act 2 Scene 2, Lady Macbeths speech/ turns are incredibly disjointed and fragmented.
‘ –One, two; why then ‘t is time to do it’
‘-Hell is murky.-’
The hyphens highlight how erratic her speech is.
‘a soldier and afeared?’ The rhetorical questions indicates to the audience that she is recollecting her previous conversations (and emotional blackmail) which she used to motivate Macbeth.

77. ‘Oh!’
The exclamation mark here further exemplifies her overwhelming feeling of distress at this point in the play.
Simple sentences employed by Shakespeare depict her anger, frustration and shock: ‘ yet here’s a spot’
The series of complex sentences in her short turns of speech display the innumerable dilemmas, conversations and problems she is experiencing internally: ‘ The Thane of Fife had a wife: where is she now?- what will these hand ne’er be clean?’

78. Write your own (modern) soliloquy acting as Lady Macbeth
Describe how what she is thinking
Describe how she is feeling
Use emotive language
Figurative language

79. Act 5, SCENE 3: How does Shakespeare present Macbeth in this scene?
‘Fear not Macbeth, no man that’s borne of woman shall e’er have power upon thee’
What is Macbeth still believing in this scene?
‘The mind I sway by and the heart I bear shall never sag with doubt nor shake with fear’
‘Hang those that talk of fear. Give me mine armour’
How does Macbeth feel in this scene?

80. Act 5 Scene 5: Select 4 words and phrases which show how Macbeth is feeling at this point in the play
Macbeth: Hang out our banners on the outward walls; The cry is still 'They come:' our castle's strength Will laugh a siege to scorn: here let them lie 2355 Till famine and the ague eat them up: Were they not forced with those that should be ours, We might have met them dareful, beard to beard, And beat them backward home. [A cry of women within] 2360 What is that noise?

81. Staring with this speech, to what extent is Macbeth presented as a regretful character?
Seyton. It is the cry of women, my good lord.
[Exit]
Macbeth. I have almost forgot the taste of fears; The time has been, my senses would have cool'd 2365 To hear a night-shriek; and my fell of hair Would at a dismal treatise rouse and stir As life were in't: I have supp'd full with horrors; Direness, familiar to my slaughterous thoughts Cannot once start me [Re-enter SEYTON] Wherefore was that cry?
Seyton. The queen, my lord, is dead.
Macbeth. She should have died hereafter; There would have been a time for such a word To-morrow, and to-morrow, and to-morrow, Creeps in this petty pace from day to day To the last syllable of recorded time, And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! 2380 Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more: it is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing [Enter a Messenger] Thou comest to use thy tongue; thy story quickly.

82. Staring with this speech, to what extent has Shakespeare presented Macbeth as a fearful character?
If thou speak'st false, Upon the next tree shalt thou hang alive, 2400 Till famine cling thee: if thy speech be sooth, I care not if thou dost for me as much. I pull in resolution, and begin To doubt the equivocation of the fiend That lies like truth: 'Fear not, till Birnam wood 2405 Do come to Dunsinane:' and now a wood Comes toward Dunsinane. Arm, arm, and out! If this which he avouches does appear, There is nor flying hence nor tarrying here. I gin to be aweary of the sun, 2410 And wish the estate o' the world were now undone. Ring the alarum-bell! Blow, wind! come, wrack! At least we'll die with harness on our back.
[Exeunt]

83. Act 5, Scene 7: Macduff
What arte the key words in the following quotes which shows how Macduff feels about Macbneth?
‘tyrant, show thy face!’
‘if thous be’st slain, and with no stroke of mine, my wife and children's ghosts will haunt me still’
‘let me find him, Fortune, and more I beg not’

84. Act 5 Scene 8: MACBETH AND mACDUFF
‘Turn, hell-hound, turn’
‘ I have no words; my voice is in my sword’
How does this make the audience feel towards Macduff?
Macbeth:
‘my soul is too much charged with blood of thine already’
‘I will not yield to kiss the ground before young Malcolm’s feet’
How does this make the audience view Macbeth?

85. Starting with this extract, to what extent does Shakespeare show resentment between Macduff and Macbeth?
[They fight]
Macbeth. Thou losest labour: 2485 As easy mayst thou the intrenchant air With thy keen sword impress as make me bleed: Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crests; I bear a charmed life, which must not yield, To one of woman born. 2490
Macduff. Despair thy charm; And let the angel whom thou still hast served Tell thee, Macduff was from his mother's womb Untimely ripp'd.
Macbeth. Accursed be that tongue that tells me so, 2495 For it hath cow'd my better part of man! And be these juggling fiends no more believed, That palter with us in a double sense; That keep the word of promise to our ear, And break it to our hope. I'll not fight with thee. 2500
Macduff. Then yield thee, coward, And live to be the show and gaze o' the time: We'll have thee, as our rarer monsters are, Painted on a pole, and underwrit, 'Here may you see the tyrant.' 2505
Macbeth. I will not yield, To kiss the ground before young Malcolm's feet, And to be baited with the rabble's curse. Though Birnam wood be come to Dunsinane, And thou opposed, being of no woman born, 2510 Yet I will try the last. Before my body I throw my warlike shield. Lay on, Macduff, And damn'd be him that first cries, 'Hold, enough!' [Exeunt, fighting. Alarums) (Enter Macbeth and Macduff fighting) and Macbeth Slain

86. Act 5 Scene 9: The tragedy concludes
‘Enter Macduff with Macbeth’s head’
How do you imagine the audience would react to the above stage direction?
would they feel content, relieved, saddened or surprised about Macbeth being killed?
To what extent would you consider the ending of the play as being tragic?

87. Analyse the language in Macduff and Malcolm's speech
‘Hail King, for so thou art’
‘Behold where stands th’usurper’s cursed head’
‘The time is free’
Malcolm:
‘my thanes and kinsmen henceforth be earls’
‘calling home our exiled friends abroad that fled’
‘this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen’

88. Starting with this extract, to what extent does Shakespeare show restoration and peace in Scotland?
Re-enter MACDUFF, with MACBETH's head]
Macduff. Hail, king! for so thou art: behold, where stands The usurper's cursed head: the time is free: I see thee compass'd with thy kingdom's pearl, That speak my salutation in their minds; 2545 Whose voices I desire aloud with mine: Hail, King of Scotland!
All. Hail, King of Scotland!
[Flourish]
Malcolm. We shall not spend a large expense of time 2550 Before we reckon with your several loves, And make us even with you. My thanes and kinsmen, Henceforth be earls, the first that ever Scotland In such an honour named. What's more to do, Which would be planted newly with the time, 2555 As calling home our exiled friends abroad That fled the snares of watchful tyranny; Producing forth the cruel ministers Of this dead butcher and his fiend-like queen, Who, as 'tis thought, by self and violent hands 2560 Took off her life; this, and what needful else That calls upon us, by the grace of Grace, We will perform in measure, time and place: So, thanks to all at once and to each one, Whom we invite to see us crown'd at Scone. 2565
[Flourish. Exeunt]

89. Key Quotes Act 5 to revise
Macbeth:
‘Fear not Macbeth, no man that’s born of woman shall ever have power above thee’
‘how does your patient doctor?’
‘I will not be afraid of death’
‘she should have died hereafter’
‘tomorrow, and tommorrow and tommorrow’
‘out, out brief candle, life’s but a walking shadow’
‘I will not yeild’
‘Lay on, Macduff, and damned be him that first cries, ‘Hold, enough!’
Lady Macbeth:
‘yet here’s a spot’
‘out, damned spot! out I Say!’
‘here’s the smell of the blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. O, O, O’
‘Wash your hands, put on your night gown, look not so pale’
‘fie,my lord, fie, a soldier and afeared?
‘To bed, to bed, there’s knocking at the gate’
‘what’s done cannot be undone’

90. Revision
In pairs, make a bank of between 5 and 10 key quotes for each of the following characters:
Duncan(Act 1)
Banquo(Act 1, Act 2 and Act 3)
Macduff (Act 2, Act 4 and Act 5)
Lady Macduff( Act 4)
Malcolm (Act 1, Act 2, Act 4 and Act 5)
The Witches(Act 1 and Act 4)
Gentlewoman and the doctor( Act 5)

91. Timed response/ Mock assessment
You will have 45 minutes to answer both bullet points.
Spend minutes on each bullet point
Remember, you are being assessed on:
AO1: Read, understand and respond to texts. Students should be able to: maintain a critical style and develop an informed personal response use textual references, including quotations, to support and illustrate interpretations.
AO2: Analyse the language, form and structure used by a writer to create meanings and effects, using relevant subject terminology where appropriate.
AO3: Show understanding of the relationships between texts and the contexts in which they were written.
AO4: Use a range of vocabulary and sentence structures for clarity, purpose and effect, with accurate spelling and punctuation.

92. -Starting with this speech, to what extent does Shakespeare present Macbeth as an emotionally unstable character? -How has Shakespeare presented Macbeth in the play as a whole?
[Re-enter GHOST OF BANQUO]
MACBETH
Avaunt! and quit my sight! let the earth hide thee!
Thy bones are marrowless, thy blood is cold;
Thou hast no speculation in those eyes
Which thou dost glare with!
LADY MACBETH
Think of this, good peers,
But as a thing of custom: 'tis no other;
Only it spoils the pleasure of the time.
What man dare, I dare:
Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear,
100
The arm'd rhinoceros, or the Hyrcan tiger;
Take any shape but that, and my firm nerves
Shall never tremble: or be alive again,
And dare me to the desert with thy sword;
If trembling I inhabit then, protest me
The baby of a girl. Hence, horrible shadow!
Unreal mockery, hence!
[GHOST OF BANQUO vanishes]
Why, so: being gone,
I am a man again. Pray you, sit still.