1. Formation of City-States

2. This is a map of Mesopotamia
This is a map of Mesopotamia.  Notice how each city marked on the map lies between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, hence the name Mesopotamia. This area is currently called Iraq.

3. The Zagros Mountains, which are located in western Iran along the Iran-Iraq border.

4. The Euphrates River at Anah in northwestern Iraq.

5. The Euphrates River at Anah in northwestern Iraq.

6. The ruins of Mari, a Sumerian city from the early third millennium B.C.E. The ruins are located along the banks of the Euphrates River on the border between Iraq and Syria

7. The ruins of Mari, a Sumerian city from the early third millennium B.C.E. The ruins are located along the banks of the Euphrates River on the border between Iraq and Syria