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In the beginning……. 1665—Robert Hooke, British scientist, looked at a thin slice of cork using a primitive microscope “little boxes” reminded him of monastery.

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Presentation on theme: "In the beginning……. 1665—Robert Hooke, British scientist, looked at a thin slice of cork using a primitive microscope “little boxes” reminded him of monastery."— Presentation transcript:

1 In the beginning……. 1665—Robert Hooke, British scientist, looked at a thin slice of cork using a primitive microscope “little boxes” reminded him of monastery cells, so he named what he saw CELLS

2 10 years later….. Antoine Von Leeuwenhoek (Dutch linen merchant) discovered “tiny animals” in supposedly clean pond water, using a scope that he designed---we now call these organisms: ___________ Was first to discover that there were tiny swimming cells (sperm) in semen

3 ~ 160 years later three Germans arrived at several conclusions….
1838—Schleiden proclaimed, after much research, that cells are in all parts of plants 1839—Schwann announced that animals have cells in all their parts 1858—Virchow reported that cells only come from other living cells—yes, people used to believe in abiogenesis!

4 CELL THEORY All living things are composed of 1 or more cells
Cells are the basic units of structure & function in organisms Cells are produced only from existing cells

5 Common characteristics of all cells
Cell/plasma membrane —separates the cell’s insides from its environment; regulates what comes in/leaves the cell, which maintains HOMEOSTASIS—balance between the inside/outside of cell Cytoplasm—everything inside the cell, minus the genetic material Cytosol—fluid part of the cytoplasm Ribosomes—structures on which proteins are made; composed of RNA and proteins; very tiny—didn’t even know they were in cells until electron microscopes “discovered” them ~ 1940’s

6 Short history of cells First/oldest cells are prokaryotes (before kernel) single-celled organisms (ie bacteria) that do not have membrane-bound compartments w/in the cell Very tiny (1-15 µ) Genetic material is a single, circular strand that floats inside the cell Only living organisms for our planet’s first 2 billion years

7 Endosymbiosis Theory Theory about how more complex cells came about
One prokaryote either invaded or was engulfed by another prokaryote Neither cell died—they lived and benefited from each other When they reproduced they both split and stayed together, making 2 cells each with another cell inside Cell inside either became the nucleus or the mitochondria…..more on those later Endosymbiosis Theory

8

9 Bacteria 3 shapes: coccus, bacillus, spirillum Coccus—round
Diplococcus—attached pairs Streptococcus—attached long chains Staphylococcus—grape-like bunches

10 BACTERIA, cont. Bacillus—rod shaped Diplobacillus—2 attached
Streptobacillus—long chains

11 BACTERIA, AGAIN Spirillum—3 distinct shapes Vibrio—comma shaped
Spirillum—thick, rigid spiral Spirochete—thin, flexible spiral

12 Bacteria…cont. Pathogens—disease causing bacteria; how many diseases can you name?? Colony—visible group of microorganisms derived from one individual Shape: circular, lobate, rhizoids Elevation: flat, raised, convex, fuzzy Color: surprisingly varied Matte vs Shiny


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