1. Xenon Detector Status Report Xenon Detector Group

2. 2/55 Contents Liquid Phase Purification PMT R&D final report Detector Preparation Status Cryostat Construction 1000 liter dewar Xenon transfer Gas phase purifier Liquid/gas transfer PMT test at Pisa & PSI Pi0 calibration NaI detector stage Target Xenon Waveform analysis update Schedule

3. 3/55 Liquid Phase Purification

4. 4/55 Circulation Scheme 230V 50Hz Pressure Temperature Sensor PMTs Purifier Cartridge Molecular sieves, 13X 25g water Freq. Inverter OMRON PT Temp Circulation starts

5. 5/55 Specification Purifier cartridge 500cc cartridge filled with Molecular sieves (13X) (1/16inch pellet type, 25g water can be absorbed) The cartridge can be regenerated by heating before operation (Watlow heater) Pump Centrifugal low temperature fluid pump (Barber Nichols) Δp=0.2MPa 53Hz operation, 3175rpm 100liter/hour, 5000 hours operation more than 600 times purification cycle of 800 liter xenon

6. 6/55 Result 16/FebPre-cooling 17-19/FebLiquefaction 21-23/FebLiquid pump test Pump speed 53Hz (3180rpm) 24-26/FebPurification test Pump on/off, gas-phase purification 26/Feb-4/MarLong-term operation 5-8/MarGas-phase purification 6-9/Marγ s from Ni, Al, N nuclei 10/MarRecovery Alpha data before Starting Purification Pump Operation In ~10 hours, λabs ~ 5m 1m 2.5m 5m

7. 7/55 Comments and Remarks During evacuation before liquefaction, liquid nitrogen pipe was cooled to keep water contamination in the cryostat. Contamination level is calculated to be > 150ppb. Liquid level was monitored by measuring temperature above the pump head. 52W cooling power is usually required to operate the LP. When the pump is operated, 2.4 times cooling power was needed (estimated with LN2 consumption rate) 62W additional heat load. ΔPV = 0.2 MPa x 100 liter/h = 55W

8. 8/55 Purifier Design Xenon from the bottom bypass the wall to the pump/purifier. Reuse the cover plate used in the LP test. Simple cylindrical cryostat. Delivery in Oct/05.

9. PMT R&D Final Report

10. 10/55 First Ver.Second Ver. Third Ver. PhotocathodeRb-Cs-SbK-Cs-Sb Material to reduce surface R Mn layerAl StripAl Strip (doubled) Q.E. @ 165K~6% (LP data)~16% (LP data)~4 times g.t. 1 st Ver. (Tokyo data) Rate dependence Photocathode R&D Stable Output deterioration

11. 11/55 Base circuit R&D First Ver. Gain fluctuation under high rate B.G. Second Ver. Zener diode implemented Stable under high B.G. but noise appears Third Ver. Filter implemented noise removed Stable under high rate B.G. reported in the last Review Meeting Tested in Pisa

12. 12/55 Optimum resistance is ~100KOhm, Lets test ! Low pass filter is built in by adding resistors serial to Zener If the resistance is too small, filtering will not work. With too large resistance, the effect of Zener will be little under high rate BG environment Test the power of the filter by changing the resistance Test the gain stability under high rate B.G. (i.e. rate dependence test) Mission : Finalize the low pass filter design

13. 13/55 Set up 241Am LED Reference PMT Type ZR Base PMT #1PMT #2PMT #3PMT #4 200KΩ1zener 100KΩ5zeners1zener 51KΩ1zener 1KΩ1zener 51Ω1zener Recommended from HPK production side Filtering power Rate

14. 14/55 Oscilloscope snapshots & Pedestal RUN …see how the filter works Without Filter … Noise observed, wide pedestal With Filter, no noise observed, narrow pedestal PMT #1PMT #2PMT #3PMT #4 200KΩ1zener 100KΩ5zeners1zener 51KΩ1zener 1KΩ1zener 51Ω1zener Filtering power Rate dependence No noise observed noise observed

15. 15/55 Rate Dependence Test 241Am LED : PMT stability monitor Reference PMT Type ZR Base Crowding LED No Zener Diode Reference PMT PMT with Zener and Filter R=100KOhm STABLE up to ~10 micro A [micro A]

16. 16/55 Summary of PMT R&D Photocathode We finalized photocathode R&D last year; K-Cs-Sb + AL strip Base Circuit Zener diode was added to reduce voltage drop under high rate background w/o increasing heat load from the registers (2 nd version base). PMT performance improved against high rate but unacceptable noise appeared. Possible solution to the problem of noise from Zener diode was presented in the last review meeting ; Implementation of Low pass filter to base circuit (3 rd Version base). We confirmed that with the 3rd version base circuit, noise from Zener diode is successfully removed and PMTs show good performance under high rate B.G. environment. The design of PMT has thus been finalized. The results are quickly reported to HPK, and they have started the base circuit production in March. Now, PMTs for the final detector are being delivered to PSI and Pisa.

17. Detector Preparation Status Cryostat construction 1000 liter dewar Xenon transfer Gas phase purifier Liquid/gas transfer PMT test at Pisa and PSI Pi0 calibration NaI detector stage Hydrogen target Xenon

18. 18/55 Tenders and procurements. Cold joints. Window status. Internal structure. Cryostat Status

19. 19/55 Tenders and procurements Tenders have been organized in three parts: 1.Conventional part 2.Purchasing of the cold sealing 3.Cold and warm windows SIMIC (http://www.simic.it) has won the tender (1) for the best price and for other reasons. This company is going to purchase a low magnetic permeability stainless steel (<1.008). Furthermore they are going to perform the cold test at the company.

20. 20/55 Tenders and procurements However… The company had a lot of trouble to find the material with the specified magnetic permeability. They tried several commercial material with no success. We suggest them to heat treated the stainless steel and they obtain an improvement of magnetic permeability with the 316L. The material did not meet the specification. Up now they found only the material for the big flanges. Low magnetic permeability is achieved when the material are in fully annealed condition bellow 1.02 at 0.02 T (200 G) A special material with low magnetic permeability can be obtained, but the time was more them six month, with min quantity of 50 ton. We know that nickel help to form the austenitic phase that is not ferromagnetic and we found that the AISI 310 have a nickel content higher than the 316L (19-22 % versus 10-14%). Finally SIMIC checked the permeability and now they are trying to acquire all material before August to recovery the time lost. (Estimated delivery date is the end of 2005 at PSI.) We are going to visit them at the end of July to check if the have the material and they promise us to start cutting the material in the first week of August. So the welding and the machining of the parts is taking place in September October.

21. 21/55 Our worries on the schedule Our worries are that SIMIC can not respect the preliminary planning that was sent us, in which the cryostat will be at PSI at the end of 2005. The reasons are the following: Machining and welding can be done in 2 months. Testing the separated parts and assembling them take more than 3 months, even if everything goes well. SIMIC has to do mechanical test and leak test of the inner vessel and the vacuum vessel separately. After that SIMIC has to mount two vessel together with installing the instrumentation and the super insulation. SIMIC has to check the additional welding and do cold and leak tests. Those operations are not simple and require additional tooling and time.

22. 22/55 Cold joints. We inquire the specification to three companies: Those companies are specialized in metallic sealing. GARLOCK GmbH High Tech Metal Seals N.V. Advanced Products NV Parker Seal Group Europe We should have the metallic sealing end of October.

23. 23/55 Window status We inquire the specification to three companies for the metallic part: Zanon Cinel SIMIC We are going to supply the material to the companies to build the test structure. We inquire the specification to three companies for the honycomb: Plyform RAV SALVER We should have the windows at the end of October.

24. 24/55 Window studies The heat treatment of the material was studied in collaboration with the metallurgic department of Mechanical and Nuclear engineering of Pisa. Several mechanical tests were done and several thermal cycles were made to study the hardening of the material. We sent the specification to the companies for building the windows (leaving three option for the construction to be discussed).

25. 25/55 The window mechanical test Final thermal treatment aged 16 h at T= 650° =1400 Mpa

26. 26/55 The Internal structure Radial holes Centering system for the lateral structure We try to simplify the machining of the arcs to make them more precise. We need to make some more iteration in our group to discuss about some issues like cabling.

27. 27/55 Inner holder Prototype Cable drain structure Inner holder prototype Made of Delrin (POM) Light material Low water absorption Easy to machine Cable embedded in Stycast for inner slab. Cable structure is made using plastic mold. Mold is made of Delrin instead of metal We dont need to use mold release which could deteriorate light yield. The prototype will be tested in LXe. Delrin mold Cable structure prototype PMT Holder Cover Spacer R Base & Filler Cable

28. 28/55 1000 liter Xenon Dewar Delivered to PSI on 20/May/2005. Refrigerator, all sensors are installed. Tom Haruyama, Feb 2003

29. 29/55 Installations to the 1000 liter dewar Refrigerator/heater installed 4/July/05. All sensors are ready. Liquefaction test is schedule in the week of the review meeting.

30. 30/55 Xenon Transfer Lines Gas phase purifier New system is ready. MIDAS slow controller Getter Puri. Turbo pump Circulation pump

31. 31/55 Xenon Transfer Lines Liquid xenon transfer Vacuum insulated hose Low temperature valve (bellows sealing) Vacuum insulated VCR

32. PMT test status

33. 33/55 Pisa PMT facility Description of the Facility Description of the test procedure Results on the first bunch of PMTs

34. 34/55 Usage of the Pisa test facility Test of the calorimeter PMT in a condition as close as possible as the final experiment PMTs immersed in LXe (165 K) Am alpha-source blue LEDs Operated in a safe condition No Xe loss No night shifts Used to study and solve the resistivity problem Used to study and solve the Zener diode problem Now: mass-test of PMTs First 130 PMTs received and being tested

35. 35/55 Principle of operation A reference PMT is kept immersed The tested PMTs can be easily inserted/removed without evaporating the xenon Particular care in the material choice/cleaning procedure to minimize xenon contamination α - source LEDs

36. 36/55 Test procedure 1. Clean PMT Acetone Ultrasonic bath 2. Install PMT into linear movement & cross leak check 3. PMT warming up to remove moisture 20 minutes warm GXe oven 10 minutes warm GXe circulation/purification 4. PMT freezing Open gate valve & move PMT down 30 minutes in cold GXe 5. PMT immersion measurement cycles 6. PMT recovery PMT raised & gate valve closed 30 minutes warming before opening/replacement 2h30 per PMT

37. 37/55 PMT mass test Test of 400 PMTs for the final experiment The test is divided in three steps: 1. Measurement of the gain at 800 Volt (g>10^6) 2. Rate dependence test (linear up to 4 uA) 3. QE and timing resolution measurement to classify PMTs

38. 38/55 Gain measurement Usual way Flashing LED at different amplitudes Comparison with Hamamatsu test sheets (Anode Luminous Sensitivity/Cathode sensitivity) bad PMT

39. 39/55 Rate dependence test Reference PMT = no Zener PMT with Zener bias on bias off overlinearity The amplitude of LED #1 is measured in presence of a background current induced by a biasing LED #2 The overlinearity is recorded for each LED setting and plotted against the current A good linearity up to 4 uA is accepted

40. 40/55 QE test Comparison between the alpha-source light seen by measured PMT and reference PMT Symmetric configuration to minimize absorption effects The test is repeated for at least 2 relative orientations TEFLON stop source measured PMT reference PMT

41. 41/55 First results 130 PMTs received at beginning of may Results for first 80 PMTs in first 1.5 months (190 tests) shown 2.8 PMTs/day cumulative tested PMTs date PMTs per day frequency

42. 42/55 Results on the web As soon as the tests are performed they are inserted in a MySQL database and visible from the web Click on the link to get a summary test sheet Several tests exist for one PMT in different conditions (HV/Xe purity/ orientation)

43. 43/55 Data sheet sample

44. 44/55 PMT evaluation Several tests are performed on a single PMT We evaluate the PMT performance by a complete analysis of the various tests Estimate linearity Average QE over files A particular PMT (ZA1985) is repeatedly tested once in ten days to check stability/reproducibility of measurements.... rms non corrected = 6%

45. 45/55 QE stability/reproducibility The QE of a single PMT was measured in different orientation and for several hours The raw QE distribution (black) is compared to the QE distribution of PMTs inside LP during last test (green) arbitrary normalization @ 15% rms = 3.2%

46. 46/55 Energy resolution The resolution (right tail) on the alpha source peak is measured as a function of the charge for the reference PMT.

47. 47/55 Timing resolution The timing resolution of each PMT is measured with alpha source Quite well reproduced by data

48. 48/55 PMT test at PSI PMT test in liquid xenon by using the LP. 238 PMTs can be tested at once. Long term stability of the LP. Purity of xenon can be monitored in a usual way. 2 months for one test PMT replacement Evacuation/liquefaction Purification Recovery Preparation of the 1 st test started in June. Delay of PMT delivery caused by base circuit modification.

49. 49/55 PMT test at PSI contd 30 PMTs tested in the Pisa test facility will be tested in the LP (1 st test). 20 PMTs used in previous tests are left; 12 PMTs in same positions. 8 PMTs in the positions with different distance and similar angle to an alpha source (4) With similar distance and different angle to an alpha source (4) Schedule 11/July PMT inst. to the cryostat 18/July evacuation 25/July liquefaction & purification 1/Aug~14/Aug test & recovery PMTs tested in Pisa Stay Different d and similar θ Similar d and different θ

50. 50/55 NaI Detector Stage design NaI detector (~100kg) needs to be moved 2 dimensionally at the opposite side of the xenon detector. The movable stage and motor need to be magnetic tolerable with reasonable positioning accuracy. Test under COBRA field OK Anti Counter up down target 0 Linear slider Motor No bearing ball Prism guide Screw drive Example Linear slider: http://www.tollo.comwww.tollo.com Motor: http:// www.animatics.com www.animatics.com

51. 51/55 LH2 target All material for test of the first prototype has arrived at Pisa. We are assembling the mylar windows. 9 cm 5 cm 180 cm LH2 copper support cylinder LHe in LHe out GH2 in Vacuum

52. 52/55 Xenon We have 850 liter at PSI ! 100 liter is on the way!!

53. Analysis Update

54. 54/55 Waveform analysis DRS Time calibration & Xe time resolution Domino speed fluctuated about 2.5%. (This problem will be fixed with new mezzanine board) Using clock channel, the fluctuation can be corrected (Time calibration). Spike noise is removed finely! Xe time resolution (Front 4 PMTs) improved to 123psec Fitting with template waveform Time calibration and spike noise subtraction were done Domino speed fluctuation No calibGain calibTime calib TDC 180ps150ps123ps140ps Clock channel Noise subtraction

55. 55/55 Schedule