1. AP Psychology Midterm Review Dec. 12th
Objective
Opener
Prepare for the midterm by participating in Review activities and games.
Get out study guide

2. Study Guide
Questions?

3. Albert.io You have until Tuesday Evening to finish and gain Mastery!
Crash Courses will be extra credit this unit

4. Creating Analogies AP Psychology Midterm Review
Same But Different
Creating Analogies
AP Psychology Midterm Review

5. Analogies
In your groups you will work to create an analogy for each pair of terms.
Use the information given
Keep it simple
You will be asked to share your analogies

6. 2. Broca's Area & Wernicke's Area
Very much alike because… Both are located in left hemisphere of the brain and deal w/language.
Yet completely different because…Broca Area (motor speech, frontal lobe) Wernicke’s Area (language comprehension, temporal lobe)

7. 3. Afferent Neuron & Efferent Neuron
Very much alike because…both relay information to and from interneurons and both are part of the peripheral nervous system.
Yet completely different because…Afferent refers to pathways leading to the cortex (ie, sensory). Efferent are pathways leading away (ie, motor).

8. 5. Random Sample & Random Assignment
Very much alike because…both are used to ensure a study is valid.
Random sample is the process of choosing research participants from the population. It allows the researcher to make findings representative to the population. It happens before random assignment in experiments, and is also used in surveys.
Random assignment is used in experiments when participants have an equal chance of being placed in the experimental or control conditions. Random assignment controls other (confound) variables, like IQ, temperament, shyness, etc.).

9. 6. Semantics & Syntax
Very much alike because…both contain the rules of language (grammar)
Yet completely different because…
Semantics--set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences. For instance, add –ed to the end of the verb for past tense.
Syntax- The rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences. White House or House White  

10. 8. Psychiatrist & Psychologist
Very much alike because…
Study mental processes and behavior
Yet completely different because…
Psychiatrist has a medical degree and can prescribe medicine

11. 10. Conductive Deafness & Sensorineural Deafness
Very much alike because…you cannot hear.
Yet completely different because…
Conductive—damage to ear drum or middle ear
Sensorineural—damage to the cochlea or nerve deafness due to loud noises.

12. 11. Algorithm & Heuristic
Very much alike because…both are problem solving strategies
Yet completely different because…
Algorithm – step by step, logical, math-like, slow, always correct
Heuristic- faster, rule of thumb, error-prone

13. 12. Crystallized Intelligence & Fluid Intelligence
Very much alike because…both affected by age 
Yet completely different because…
Crystallized— accumulated knowledge, verbal skills; increases with age (past 40)
Fluid-- ability to process quickly, math stuff; decreases with age (past 40)

14. 13. Glial Cells & Neurons
Very much alike because…both are in the brain 
Yet completely different because…
Glial cells—provide support and nourishment for neurons

15. 14. Single-Blind Study & Double-Blind Study
Very much alike because… Both minimize bias
Yet completely different because…
Double blind—neither the subject (single) nor the researcher (now double) knows which participants receive a placebo or the real treatment

16. 15. Authoritative Parenting & Authoritarian Parenting
Very much alike because…both enforce rules and discipline
Yet completely different because…
Authoritative—rules are explained
Authoritarian—no explanation

17. 16. Sympathetic Division & Parasympathetic Division
Very much alike because…
Both are part of the autonomic nervous system (automatic functions)
Yet completely different because…
Sympathetic-- speeds up nervous system in preparation for fight or flight
Parasympathetic—slows down the nervous system (parachute)

18. 17. Independent Variable & Dependent Variable
Very much alike because…factors in experimental design
Yet completely different because…
IV- cause or treatment; manipulated by experimenter
DV—effect; measured by experimenter

19. 18. Somatic System & Autonomic System
Very much alike because…part of the peripheral nervous system
Yet completely different because...
Somatic—voluntary muscle movement
Autonomic—involuntary muscle and gland movement (looks like automatic)

20. 20. Psychoanalytic & Psychodynamic
Very much alike because…focus on the unconscious mind, id-ego-super ego, and defense mechanisms
Yet completely different because…
Psychoanalytic—therapy is longer, stresses more sexual urges, almost never used anymore; sit away from therapist
Psychodynamic—therapy is cheaper, stresses social conflicts, used more often, sit face to face

21. 21. Convergence & Retinal Disparity
Very much alike because…both are binocular cues (need two eyes) that determine depth perception
Yet completely different because…
Convergence—eyes move inward when viewing a near object; the greater the inward strain, the closer the object
Retinal disparity—by comparing images from two eyeballs, the brain computes distance. The greater the disparity (distance) between the two images, the closer the object

22. 23. Implicit Memory & Explicit Memory
Very much alike because…Types of long term memory
Yet completely different because…

23. 24. Mental Set & Perceptual
Very much alike because…both involve predispositions
Mental set—predisposition to think; a tendency to approach a problem in the same way that was successful before, but not now. This is an obstacle to problem solving.
Example—connect all dots with 5 lines, then 4 lines.

24. 24. Mental Set & Perceptual
Perceptual set—predisposition to perceive something based on expectations or previous knowledge.

25. 25. Representative Heuristic & Availability Heuristic
Very much alike because…Both are fast, problem solving strategies that cause us to underestimate or ignore important information.
Representative—based on stereotypes . Example-- Who is most likely tall, thin, etc…… a classics Ivy League college prof or a truck driver?
Availability—estimating likelihood of events based on its availability in memory. Media often clouds our risk assessment. Example: Flying is more dangerous than driving.

26. 26. Confirmation Bias & Belief Perseverance
Very much alike because…both involve errors in judgments
Confirmation bias—we look for information that confirms our beliefs and ignore information that does not.
Belief perseverance—we continue to maintain a belief even when it has been disconfirmed with evidence.

27. 29. Positive Skew & Negative Skew
Very much alike because…both show how outliers can affect a normal curve
A few high scores are outliers; mean is higher than median or mode.
A few low scores are outliers; mean is lower than median or mode.

28. 30. Reliability & Validity
Very much alike because…both are properties of a good test
Yet completely different because…
 Reliability—consistency
Validity—measures what is supposed to be measured; construct and predictive validity.  

29. 31. Kinesthesis & Vestibular Sense
Very much alike because…both involve processes body sense.
Kinethesis- sensing the position and movement of individual body parts (close your eyes and move your arm); processed by muscles and joints.
Vestibular sense—sense of balance and location of entire body (going up or down); processed in the semicircular canals and the vestibulr sacs in the inner ear.

30. Kahoot! General Review Then
Which chapter do you need the most help with?
Research methods?
Neurobiology?
Sensation and Perception?
Learning?
Memory?