1. Or “study of itty-bitty creepy things”
Microbiology
Or “study of itty-bitty creepy things”

2. Classification
Review
-Prokaryotes- No Nuclei Eukaryotes- nuclei.

3. “Bacteria” 2 kingdoms
Eubacteria- kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes who’s cell walls are made up of peptidoglycan.
- Larger Kingdom
Archaebacteria- kingdom of unicellular prokaryotes who’s cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan.
-Extremophiles
Peptidoglycan – bacterial cell wall gives structural strength

5. Prokaryote Identification
Identified by shape, cell walls, movement, ways to obtain energy.

6. Bacteria Shape: 3 types a. Bacilli- rod shaped b. Cocci- spherical
c. Spirilla- spiral and corkscrew shaped.

10. Cell walls- determine by gram stain
Gram Positive: peptidoglycan stains violet (purple)
Gram negative: stains pink (red).

12. Movement- how do they move
a. no movement
b. Flagella- long whip like structure
c. Lash, snake or spiral
d. Slime that they secrete.

13. Obtain Energy Autotroph Heterotroph
Photoautotroph- photosynthesis similar to plants (BlueGreen algae)
Chemoautotroph- energy from inorganic molecules
Heterotroph
use energy from organic molecules (food)
photoheterotrophs- need food and sunlight.

14. Bacteria Growth and Reproduction
Binary Fission- type of asexual reproduction in which a prokaryote replicates its DNA and divides in half producing two identical daughter cells
DNA Replicates
DNA attaches to membrane
Cell elongates by water uptake
Cell splits.

15. Bacteria in Nature
Decomposers- breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter
- recycles nutrients.

16. Nitrogen Fixers convert nitrogen into ammonia
Legumes- Symbiotic relationship with nitrogen- fixing bacteria.

17. Human Uses
1. Food- cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, pickles, sauerkraut, vinegar, butter
2. Biotechnology- food, medicine, industry.

18. Disease
any change, other than injury, that disrupts the normal functions of the body
Pathogen- disease causing agent such as bacteria or fungus.
Two ways pathogens can hurt organisms:
1) damage tissue or 2) release toxins

19. 1.Damage tissue examples
a. Tuberculosis
b. Tooth decay
c. Pneumonia.

20. 2.Release Toxins examples
a. Strep throat
b. Salmonella
c. Tetanus
d. Botulism.

21. Controlling Bacteria
Antibiotic- blocks growth and reproduction of bacteria
Sterilization- destroys bacteria using high heat or chemicals: no bacteria at all
Disinfecting- Chemical that kill bacteria
Dehydration- remove water, hinders growth
Salting- chemical treatment: hinders growth.

22. 6. Pasteurization-flash heat to lower population, kills pathogens
7. Preservatives- chemicals that make environment difficult to grow (ex: salt)
8. Cooling - slows growth.