1. History of the Ancient and Medieval World
Staging Absolutism
Louis XIV and Versailles
Walsingham Academy
Mrs. McArthur
Room 111

2. Emerging Nation States
The Renaissance
The Voyages
Of Discovery
The Reformation
The Scientific Revolution
The New Monarchies
Emerging Nation States
Foundation of Modern Europe

3. The monarch must break feudal ties to past
The New Monarchies
Machiavelli’s view of the successful ruler
The prince: agent of change in state formation
The need for unity, security and prosperity
“How to” model: Absolutism emerges on continent
The monarch must break feudal ties to past
What to look for in the successful state

4. The New Monarchies (cont.)
Church and nobility subordinated to monarch
Bureaucracy to supervise royal policies
Royal system of justice
Royal monopoly on military power
Dependable and adequate source of income
Winners and losers in the modern Europe

5. Impact of Reformation A tale of 3 countries (review)
England
Act of Supremacy (1534)
Elizabethan Settlement
Holy Roman Empire
Thirty Years’ War
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Rise of Prussia & Austria
France
Civil War
Edict of Nantes (1598)
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: 1572

6. France in the 16th Century
Francis I (Renaissance arrives, along with Leonardo)
Henry II (Diane de Poitiers vs. Catherine de Medici)
Killed in a tournament, power vacuum
3 weak sons wrestle for control with “help” from mom
Civil War
St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
3 Henrys
Henry IV converts (“Paris is worth a mass!” - Paris vaut bien une messe.)
Edict of Nantes (1598)
Document of Religious Toleration (Band-Aid)
State trumps Religion (Politique)

7. France: Model Absolutist State The Great Monarchs
Henry IV with Sully ( )
Louis XIII with Richelieu ( )
Louis XIV with Mazarin and then sole rule ( )
Cardinal Richelieu

8. The Challenges
Rebuilding France after disastrous religious civil war of 16th century: (Henry IV and Sully))
“a chicken in every pot”
“Cultivation and pasturage are the mother’s milk of France.”
Centralizing and expanding government functions: civil service (including tax collection,) justice, military.
Breaking feudal ties to extend royal power
Forging a French cultural identity; replacing regional loyalties with national ones: language, religion.
Revocation of Edict of Nantes, 1685
“One King, One Law, One Faith”
Creating an ideological basis for royal absolute rule:
“Princes are gods.” (Bossuet articulates “Divine Right” view of Kingship)
“I am the State.” (Louis XIV)

9. Assignment 1: due Tues., 5/22 Read text, pp 510-514 Identify new terms
Answer 4 Checkpoint Questions.
Study the graphic organizer on next slide
"Louis XIV, 1673," by Pierre Mignard. representing Louis in terms of martial and classical glory.

10. Assignment 2: due Wed., 5/23 Answer thematic questions:
Biography, pp 511,
Primary Source, pp 512
Infographic, pp 513
Ballet: Brought to France from Italy by Catherine de Medici, ballet was originally a spectacle with elaborate costumes, songs, poetry, and dance. In the court of Louis XIV, the king and his courtiers performed the ballets themselves. At age 14, Louis danced the role of Apollo, god of the sun, and later became known as the Sun King. His courtiers had to learn and practice many complex dances and perform them at the king’s whim. Courtiers stood and bowed in what became ballet’s 5-foot positions. When he grew older, Louis stopped dancing and so did his courtiers! Louis then started the first professional ballet school. Only later did ballet develop lighter costumes, slippers without heels and dancing en pointe.
Louis as the sun
(See NotesPage)

11. Versailles: “Theater of Power”
All nobles required to spend time there.
The palace housed royal family and their 5,000 servants, 1,000 nobles and their 4,000 servants. (9,000 soldiers as well as thousands more artisans and civil servants lived in the town.)
Selected nobles allowed to participate in the carefully-orchestrated rituals intended to manipulate and control.
Demonstration of the power and benevolence of the monarch
Display legitimizes the monarch’s power while underlining the oneness with God and the State.
Civil Servants run an increasingly bureaucratic state.

12. Life at Versailles
Why did Louis structure life at Versailles around rituals and extravagant events?
Doing so enabled him to keep the nobles under his surveillance and control. Also dependent on him.
Court Etiquette
The strictness of etiquette at Versailles made it almost impossible to relax. A noble would never consider walking out of his court appointed place in a royal procession. Knocking on a door was forbidden. Instead, one was to scratch on the door with the fingernail of the little finger. Any digression from court etiquette subjected one to open derision and ridicule for days and might even result in banishment from court. One duchesse who sat down at a gaming table when she was not playing was never invited to the palace of Versailles again.

13. From Renaissance to Revolution
Assignment 3: due Fri., 5/25
Review for exam: Consult SPA
Prepare any questions for class discussion
SCA Extra-Credit performances
Expansion of France
From Renaissance to Revolution

14. Images
of Absolutism

15. Louis
as Roman Emperor
Louis’ signature