1. The Great Depression
FDR and the New Deal

2. 1932 Election Incumbent: Herbert Hoover (R)
New York Governor: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (D)
FDR and “Can-do” attitude

3. FDR Wealthy Family/Political Legacy Marriage Politically Powerful
Cousins with Teddy Roosevelt
Marriage Politically Powerful
Eleanor Roosevelt
1921 Paralyzed

7. NEW DEAL
20th Amendment (Feb 33) changes Pres. Inauguration from March to January
FDR puts brain trust together to prepare for office
Create program nicknamed “New Deal”
First 100 days—Congress passes 15 New Deal Bills

8. Making Changes: Bank Reform
March 5 Banking Holiday
Convinces Congress to pass Emergency Banking Relief Act—Treasury Department inspected banks
March 12 Fireside Chat
Glass-Steagall Banking Act (1933)—creates Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Securities Act (1933)
1934-Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

9. Prohibition FDR pushes to allow alcohol Tax revenue
1933: 21st Amendment repeals 18th Amendment

10. Alphabet Programs
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)—lower production, raise prices
Gov’t paid $200 million for no crops, kill hogs
Raises prices, but also protest

11. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
18-25 year olds
Build parks, roads, plant trees, dams, retaining walls, etc.
$30/month--$25 sent home to family
Free food and uniforms
By 1942, 3 million men had been in CCC
More than 200 mill trees planted in Plains

12. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
$500 million for poor
½ given to states for their use
Other ½ given for every three dollars spent by state (using state funds) on poor
Feed, clothe, create jobs

13. Public Works Administration (PWA)
June 1933
$ for States—create jobs building schools/community buildings
Did not effect unemployment rate much

14. Civil Works Administration (CWA)
November 1933
4 million jobs (‘33-’34)
40,000 schools
Paid 50,000 schoolteachers
½ million miles of road

15. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
June 1933
Industrial growth through “fair practices”
Created National Recovery Administration
Set prices
Ban child labor
Set limits on work hours
Limited production
Rights to Unionize

16. NRA Criticism
Helped big business/hurt small business
Code violations

17. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
May 1933
Dams for Tennessee River Valley
Food control and hydroelectric power
Create jobs

18. Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)
Government loans for homeowners facing foreclosure
Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

19. Opposition to New Deal Much being done—too much?
Government becoming too big?
Too involved in private business?
BIG GOVERNMENT

20. Supreme Court Very Conservative 1935 found NIRA unconstitutional
Gave legislative powers to executive
Fed gov. can only regulate interstate commerce, not intrastate
1936 AAA found unconstitutional
Agriculture regulated by states, not federal government

21. FDR Strikes Back Feb 1937 proposes Congress pass judiciary bill:
Reorganize federal judiciary
Appoint six new Supreme Court justices
“court-packing bill”
Protest—hurt public image

25. Irony Supreme Court began to agree with New Deal after 1937
Justices resign, FDR appoints seven justices in four years

26. Anti-FDR Business Leaders Al Smith American Liberty League
Fear of Dictatorship
Violation of rights to property
Rugged-individualism

27. Father Charles Coughlin
Roman Catholic Priest
Detroit
Sunday Address
At first for FDR
Wanted guaranteed yearly income, nationalization of banks
Anti-Semitic

28. Dr. Francis Townsend Physician in Long Beach, California
Poor and Elderly
Pension plan for senior citizens
Very expensive—FDR said no

29. Huey Long Louisiana Senator Supported FDR Share Our Wealth
“every man a king”

30. “We owe debts in America today, public and private, amounting to $252 billion. That means that every child is born with a $2,000 debt tied around his neck…We propose that children shall be born in a land of opportunity, guaranteed a home, food, clothes, and the other things that make for living, including the right to education.”

31. Planned on running for President
Border-line Socialist
Assassinated 1935