1. Session 3.2. Situation Analysis Step 3 Profiling Households at Risk

2. Learning Objectives
After this session, participants should be able to:
Identify the aims of and reasons for profiling the food insecure and those at risk
Explain the methodology of profiling an affected population – through crossing with key population characteristics, and of the Conceptual framework

3. Where are we? EFSA Process Adapt conceptual framework & objectives
Prepare analysis plan: indicators, data, sources
Collect, review secondary data
Collect primary data
Conduct situation analysis
Conduct forecast analysis
Analyse response options
Make response recommendations
Prepare report

4. Why? Why do we profile food (in)secure HHs?
Describe livelihood assets, strategies and outcomes of food (in)secure HHs
Understand factors associated with food insecurity and with risks to lives and livelihoods
Define easily recognisable characteristics that can be used to target those at-risk

5. How? How is profiling done?
Cross (-tabulating) food (in)secure HHs against:
location
sex & age of head of HH
HH size
dependency ratio
education level
status (e.g. resident, IDP etc.)
main livelihood activity (livelihood groups)
main coping strategies
assets owned
other key characteristics relevant to context

6. HH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Charac-teristic Loca-tion Sex HH Head
Type of risk
L=lives
LH=live-lihoods
Loca-tion
Sex HH Head
Age HH Head
Age Comp.
Status
Main prod. Activ-ity
Health access
Mar-ket ac-cess
Coping strate-gies HH 1 L
URB F 28
F, 3C
IDP
Petty trade OK
Sell asset, debt, gifts, food Q&Q▼ 2 LH
RUR 20
F, 2E
Res.
Farmer
Poor
Sell asset 3 No M 30
M, F, 1C
Gov. - 4
2F, 3C
Debt, food Q&Q▼ 5 25
F, 1E
Animal product 6 46
M, F, 2E, 3C
Business 7
Salary 8 24
F, 1E, 2C
Casual labour
Sell asset, debt, gifts, food Q&Q▼, skip days, begging 9 60
Retired 10 32
Sell asset, food Q&Q▼
Household profiling
The characteristics of the “at risk” households are analysed as shown in the following table:
From this, the following conclusions can be drawn:
Households “not at risk” are mostly urban, resident, and male-headed. Each of the “not at risk” households has a different “main productive activity”.
Households at risk to livelihoods (but not lives) are rural; resident; mostly (¾) female-headed; and employ 1 or 2 coping strategies. They all depend upon agriculture as their main productive activity.
All of the households at risk to lives (and livelihoods) are urban; displaced; female-headed with the head of the household aged years; and employ multiple coping strategies (some serious).
33% of households at risk to lives and livelihoods are rural; resident; female-headed with the head of the household aged years; and employ 1 or 2 coping strategies.
Additional observations can be made:
All of the displaced households are at risk to lives and livelihoods
All of the female-headed households are at risk to lives and/or livelihoods
None of the urban resident households are at risk to either lives or livelihoods
All of the rural households are at risk to lives and/or livelihoods
All of the households that depend on agriculture are at risk to lives and/or livelihoods
On the basis of this analysis groups can be defined (possibly for use in targeting if an intervention is initiated), in order of priority:
Urban / displaced
Urban / female headed households
Rural / farmers
Rural / female headed households
Evidently livelihoods (based on main productive activity) is one factor out of several that correlates with risk; hence, as is often the case, it is necessary to go beyond “livelihood groups” when profiling risk. 6 6

7. Why are people food insecure and why are their lives or livelihoods at risk?
Analysis of factors associated with food insecurity and with risks to lives or livelihoods:
use contextual analysis (secondary data + primary data) and HH profiling
use Conceptual Framework - adapted to local context to understand linkages

8. Exercise 3.2.a. Drought in Southern Province
With your partners:
Analyse the table and determine which factors appear to be associated with risk.
Be prepared to provide your reasoning.

9. Exercise 3.2.b Identifying characteristics of food-insecure HHs & individuals whose lives & livelihoods are at risk
What other information should be analyzed to profile HHs in this country?
Which information would help in targeting?