1. Cell Division

2. 1. Mitosis 1) Dephosphorylated M/Cdk drive entry into mitosis
2) Condensin helps configure duplicated chromosome for separation
condensin

3. 3) Mitotic spindle (1) Microtubule-based machine
3 classes of M.T. of the mitotic spindle in an animal cells

4. (2) Centrosome duplication occurs early in the cell cycle

5. (3) M.T.-dependent motor protein govern spindle assembly and function

6. (4) How the cell regulate the appropriate spindle length?

7. (5) M.T. instability increase greatly in mitosis

8. Spindle self-organization by motor proteins
4) Mitotic chromosome promote bipolar spindle assembly
Spindle self-organization by motor proteins

9. Bipolar spindle assembly w/o centrosome

10. 5) Kinetochore attach sister chromatids to the spindle
M.T. attachment site in a kinetochore

11. Capture of centrosome M.T. by kinetochores

12. 6) Multiple forces move chromosomes on the spindle
(1) How Depolymerization may pull the kinetochore toward the spindle pole

13. (2) M.T. flux in the metaphase spindle

14. (3) How opposing force may drive chromosomes to the metaphase plate

15. 7) Chromosomes segregation in Anaphase A and B

16. 2. Cytokinesis

17. 1) Actin & myosin II in the contractile ring generate the force for cytokinesis

18. Midbody

19. 2) RhoA* triggers assembly and contraction of the contractile ring

20. 3) M.T. of the mitotic spindle determine the plane of animal cell division
3 current models of how the M.T. of the anaphase spindle generate signals that influence the positioning of the contractile ring

21. Experimental evidence

22. 4) Phragmoplast guides cytokinesis in higher plants
Cytokinesis in a higher plant cell

23. 5) Membrane-enclosed organelles must be distributed to daughter cells during cytokinesis
6) However, some cells reposition their spindle to divide asymmetrically

24. 7) Mitosis can occur w/o cytokinesis
Early stage of development of Drosophila embryo