1. COMBINING ARGUMENTS
Based on Practical Argument, Kirszne and Mandell, Bedford/St. Martin’s Press, Boston, 2014

2. THESIS A single sentence stating your position.
The basic structure of the argument essay is still used, but the content varies:
THESIS A single sentence stating your position.
EVIDENCE Your first argument
REFUTATION OF OPPOSING ARGUMENTS Disprove arguments that challenge your position
MORE EVIDENCE Your second argument
REFUTATION OF OPPOSING ARGUMENTS Disprove arguments that challenge your position
AND MORE EVIDENCE Your third argument
REFUTATION OF OPPOSING ARGUMENTS Disprove arguments that challenge your position
CONCLUDING STATEMENT Reinforcement of your position; Recommendation; Prediction

3. The Definition Argument The Ethical Argument The Proposal Argument
THE ARGUMENTS
The arguments used can be any of those studied in class and those for assignments, i.e.
The Definition Argument
The Ethical Argument
The Proposal Argument
And any of those in your textbook, i.e.
The Evaluation Argument
The Causal Argument
The Analogy Argument
In the rough draft, the arguments should be labeled, like this:
“When I began hunting, I buried the lead-laden gutpiles. It would help if more hunters did this, but it’s not enough. Scavengers often dig gutpiles up anyway. And the meat that hunters take home to their families could be tainted. I’ve seen X-rays of shot game showing dust-sized lead particles spread throughout the meat, far away from the bullet hole. [Causal Argument)

4. Get the Lead Out of Hunting
Great care should be taken when using the Evaluation Argument, the Causal Argument, and the Analogy Argument.
Make sure you understand them and recognize the problems that using them can create. For example, the Evaluation Argument requires that a set of standards be spelled out and that they be applied to the basic argument. When using a Causal Argument, make sure a post hoc fallacy is not the result. And remember, when using the Analogy Argument, that no two things are ever exactly alike, so the analogy should only be used to illustrate a definition.
Let’s look at the example from your text. It’s called…
Get the Lead Out of Hunting
By Anthony Prieto , New York Times, December 15, 2010

5. I’ve hunted elk, deer and wild pigs in the American West for 25 years.
Like many hunters, I follow several rules: Respect other forms of life, take only what my family can eat and the ecosystem can sustain, and leave as
little impact on the environment as possible. [INTRODUCTION / PERSONAL CONNECTION TO THE TOPIC:]
That’s why I hunt with copper bullets instead of lead. We’ve long known about the collateral damage caused by lead ammunition. [CAUSAL ARGUMENT]
When bald and golden eagles, vultures, bears, endangered California condors and other scavengers eat the innards, called gutpiles, that hunters leave in the field after cleaning their catch or the game that hunters wound but don’t capture, they can ingest poisonous lead fragments. Most sicken, and many die. [ETHICAL ARGUMENT]

6. Refutation of Opposing Arguments
Unfortunately, there is vocal opposition to any ammunition regulation from groups like the National Rifle Association and the National Shooting Sports Foundation, which see the campaign as an attack on hunting rights, and fear that the cost of non-lead ammunition would drive hunters away from the sport.
But this campaign has nothing to do with revoking hunting rights; if it did, I would not
be involved. It’s an issue of using non-toxic
materials.

7. ANALOGY ARGUMENT
Was the removal of lead paint from children’s toys a plot to do away with toys?
Did the switch to unleaded gas hide an ulterior motive of removing vehicles from our roads?

8. Refutation of Opposing Arguments

9. PROPOSAL ARGUMENT
When I began hunting, I buried the lead-laden gutpiles.
Scavengers often dig up gutpiles anyway. And the meat that hunters take home to their families could be tainted. I’ve seen X-rays of shot game showing dust-sized lead particles spread throughout the meat, far away from the bullet hole.

10. Refutation of Opposing Arguments
Some hunters argue that copper bullets can be more expensive than lead ones. But the cost of ammunition is a small fraction of what I spend on hunting, which includes gear, optics, food, gas and licenses. No one will quit hunting over spending a few more quarters per bullet. Besides, the more hunters switch to copper, the faster prices will come down
LEAD BULLETS VS
COPPER BULLETS

11. The friends I hunt with love shooting non-lead bullets,
EVALUATION ARGUMENT
The friends I hunt with love shooting non-lead bullets,
and it’s not just because they’re doing something good for the environment. The ballistics are better. I’ve killed more than 80 pigs and 40 deer shooting copper. These bullets travel up to 3,200 feet per second and have about a 98 percent weight retention — meaning they don’t fragment as easily as lead, whereas copper kills cleanly, so it can help keep our hunting grounds clean as well.
Source: Comparison of lead-free hunting rifle bullets effectiveness at killing wildlife and conventional lead bullets based on wound size and morphology,

12. Refutation of Opposing Arguments
Lead is a dense and heavy metal. This increased weight means shots have more momentum, velocity and even more accuracy, allowing lead bullets to deliver a better upset at long range. A copper bullet with the same dimensions of a lead-core bullet will undoubtedly be lighter, meaning it will not retain its velocity as well or carry quite as much energy.
It is also important to note that the speed at the muzzle will not offset a higher ballistic coefficient downrange. Because copper is harder than lead, a lightweight non-lead bullet does not accelerate as fast as a traditional bullet without boosting pressure. There is simply too much friction from the hard shank.
[SOURCE:

13. CONCLUDING STATEMENT
Reinforcement of your position
Prediction
Recommendation