1. 111 Dr. Nihad Almughany University of Palestine Faculty of Applied Engineering and Urban Planning Dept. of Architecture 2 nd Semester 2009 -2010 Introduction to Interior Design ( EAGD 3217 ) Lecture 9 Lighting

2. 22 CONTENTS 1- AIMS. 2- REVIEW OF LAST LECTURE ( Colors – part B ). 3- Lighting. 4- Effects of Lighting. 5- Types of Lighting. A- According to source. B- According to direction and availability. 6- Application of Lighting. 7- Design and Application Criteria. 8- CONCLUSION.

3. 33 1- AIMS This lecture aims to: –Review of the last lecture ( Colors – part B). –Introductory knowledge for lighting in interior spaces. –Highlight different aspects related to both natural and artificial lighting and their application in interior spaces. –Introduction to types of lighting and lighting units. 3

4. 44 2- REVIEW OF THE LAST LECTURE -COLOR PSYCHOLOGY. - MEANING AND USE OF COLORS : A- Red B - Blue C – Yellow D- Orange E- Green F- White - GENERAL NOTES FOR USING COLORS IN INTERIOR DESIGN.

5. 5 3- Lighting : Light is integrated with eye seeing. The eye is a superior tool through which we see the surroundings. For seeing, the eye depends on light and its relation with area, volume, color and texture.

6. 6 4- Effects of Lighting Good & Appropriate Lighting Setting up psychological and healthy frame Protect eye from stress Forbid incidents and accidents Increase ability to work

7. 7 5- Types of Lighting : A- According to source: 1 - NATURAL LIGHTING : The light comes from the nature ( sun ) and enters interior spaces through : –Windows –Curtain walls –Doors –Glass blocks –Sky lights

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10. 10 5- Types of Lighting : A- According to source ( cont.) 2- ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING : Because of change in natural lighting by time through the day and seasons, artificial lighting is a constant source of lighting. The artificial lighting units are varied and their use depends on the spaces characteristics and function. Some of the artificial lighting units are as follows :

11. 11 Chandeliers Wall scones Floor lamps Hanging lamps (pendants) Ceiling mount light Table lamps

12. 12 Desk lamps In-grade well lights Picture light Ceiling spots Signage lighting Bathroom lighting

13. 13 5- Types of Lighting : B- According to Direction and availability: General Lighting : lights the space and provides the general light for the interior space. Centralized Lighting : on working centers. Directed ( oriented ) Lighting : to highlight special spots, furniture or artistic works. Indirect lighting : Looks like natural lighting.

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16. 16 6- Application of Lighting : BED ROOMS : Lighting unit in the centre of ceiling for general lighting – centralized lighting in the reading corner if it is there, the sides of bed and the mirror. BATHROOMS : General lighting in the ceiling – centralized lighting near the bathtub and around the lavoratory mirror (without any reflections on the eye). CORRIDORS: sufficient and direct lighting

17. 17 6- Application of Lighting ( cont.): KITCHENS : General lighting in the ceiling- direct and centralized lighting on worktops, table, cook and sink. Importance to have natural lighting. DINING ROOMS: General lighting directly on dining table – indirect lighting on sides – internal lighting in show closets. LIVING ROOMS: Indirect and directed up lighting in ceilings or walls. ( In case of general lighting, it could be reduced when watching TV ).

18. 18 6- Application of Lighting ( cont.): OFFICES: General lighting directed down- side direct lighting source. ( review Mies Van Del Rohe theory ). ARTISTIC PIECES: Valuable artistic pieces are not laid in front of direct natural or artificial light to avoid reflections and decay – directed lighting is usually used. SPECIAL LIGHTING: For museums, hospitals, restaurants, schools, libraries, clubs ….. etc.

19. 19 7- Design and Application Criteria: The availability of illumination for each space (Lux ) according to standards. Each surface should have the same lighting degree to avoid confusion. Avoid strong difference (contrast ) between lighted and unlighted spaces. Easy accessibility to lighting units and lighting switches.

20. 20 7- Design and Application Criteria (cont.): Lighting could be used to define spaces, like orient special lighting on a space it defines and distinguishes it from the surrounding. Consider the characteristics of the space before choosing lighting: –In long depth corridors and spaces, side lighting gives the feeling of the shortness of the length. –In short depth and small spaces, the use of lighting in the middle of front wall gives the feeling that the space is longer.

21. 21 7- Design and Application Criteria (cont.): –In low ceiling levels, the use of up- directed lighting cone ( head is down and base is up ) gives the feeling that the ceiling is higher. –In High ceilings, the use of hanged and down- directed lighting gives the feeling that the ceiling is lower. –Decrease the depth of a space by directing the lighting on this depth. –Highlight furniture or valuable artistic and decoration pieces by orienting lighting on.

22. 22 7- Design and Application Criteria (cont.): Passing light from room to room inside the house reduces heating, cooling and artificial lighting costs - and creates a more pleasant, natural living environment.

23. 23 8- CONCLUSION -Light is integrated with eye seeing. For seeing, the eye depends on light and its relation with area, volume, color and texture. Appropriate lighting helps in setting up psychological and healthy frame, protects the eye from stress, decreases the opportunity of accidents and increase ability to work. Lighting could be classified either according to source ( natural and artificial ) or according to the direction and availability ( general, centralized, directed and indirect ). Lighting units are applied in interior spaces depending on the use of space, therefore, they differ from a space to another in terms of location, illumination and orientation. Lighting could be applied in interior spaces to solve some architectural problems in spaces.