1. Emission inventory: characteristics and status
POMI
Emission inventory: characteristics and status
Kick-off Meeting
07/03/2008

2. POMI : Emission inventories
Steps for the preparation of base-case emissions dataset for POMI
Collection of regional + national + EMEP emission inventories
Emissions defined at municipal level for the whole Po Valley
Selection of pollutants
Gridding of municipal emissions (different grid resolutions)
Time modulation of gridded emissions (different geographic zones)
Problems and issues still open
Incompleteness of some 2005 regional emission inventories (INEMAR)
Incompleteness of the 2005 national emission inventory (prov. level)
Choice and definition of substitutive dataset for the first phase of POMI
Time plan for the final update of 2005 regional and national inventories
Methodological aspects of the data processing
Planned improvements of inventories

3. POMI : Emission inventories
Extension and grid resolution of the emission dataset - overview
Mosaic of regional + national + EMEP emission inventories
Regional (INEMAR)
(3km x 3km grid)
National EI
(6km x 6km grid)
EMEP
(50km x 50km)

4. POMI : Emission inventories
RESOLUTION of the emission dataset: INITIAL SETUP AND PLANNING
Availability and use of regional INEMAR 2005 from all the regions of Po Valley
Pollutant emissions defined at municipal level for the regions participating to the Po Valley exercise
Pollutant emissions defined at provincial level for the other regions (APAT EI)
EMEP to cover the rest of the domain outside Italy
EMEP 2005
National emissions
(SNAP Macrosectors)
INEMAR 2005
for the Regions of Po Valley
using INEMAR
Municipal emissions
(SNAP Activities)
National Emission Inv.
(APAT – provinces)
(SNAP activities)

5. POMI : Emission inventories
Emission dataset: ACTUAL STAUS OF COMPLETENESS
INEMAR Complete only for two regions (Lombardia + Piemonte)
Other regions could supply part of the inventory (point sources…)
APAT 2005 national emission inventory – Complete but only the national totals (not yet at provincial level)
EMEP 2005
National emissions
INEMAR 2005
Lombardy + Piemonte
Municipal emissions
National Emission Inv.
(APAT – totals)

6. POMI : Emission inventories
PROPOSED base-case emission inventory (for the first step of POMI)
INEMAR 2005 – Only for Lombardy (To maintain homogeneity in the wide domain outside)
CESI national emission inventory disaggregated at municipal level (attività di ricerca sul Sistema Elettrico)  to be scaled to the year 2005
EMEP 2005
National emissions
INEMAR 2005
Lombardy
CESI National Emission Inventory at municipal level
 SCALING TO 2005

7. POMI : Emission inventories
PROPOSED base-case emission inventory (for the first step of POMI)
REGIONAL INVENTORIES:
INEMAR 2005 has been selected only for Lombardy (for consistency)
Inclusion of all the INEMAR regional inventories is postponed to the next phase (INEMAR 2007 directly?)
NATIONAL INVENTORY:
APAT is going to finalize the 2005 national inventory disaggregated at provincial level, but it is not ready yet.
POMI exercise will start with the available data. Inclusion of the updated 2005 national inventory at provincial level is postponed to the next phase
 How to manage the data available at national level?

8. POMI : Emission inventories
HOW TO MANAGE THE DATA AVAILABLE AT NATIONAL LEVEL (1)
FIRST POSSIBILITY:
To use the completed parts of APAT 2005 national emission inventory disaggregated at provincial level and do some assumption + scaling for the missing data
Problems:
Some SNAP macrosectors are not available yet (especially point sources). How to complete the missing information at provincial level?
The disaggregation at municipal level should be done (or we just grid the emission data starting from provincial emissions?)
Provincial emissions?
APAT incomplete
(provincial data)
POMI 2005
ADJUSTED
INVENTORY
Municipal disagg?

9. POMI : Emission inventories
HOW TO MANAGE THE DATA AVAILABLE AT NATIONAL LEVEL (2)
PROPOSED SOLUTION:
scaling of APAT 2005 national total emissions according to CESI municipal disaggregation of APAT national inventory 2000
Main assumption: the spatial proxies have not changed too much
CESI has already sent the data and given the official authorization
SCALED POMI INVENTORY 2005
(municipal disagg)
APAT 2005
(national)
CESI 2000
(municipal disagg.)
Scaling for consistency across scales? (EMEP  PoValley  Lombardy)

10. POMI : Emission inventories
SELECTED POLLUTANTS
PROPOSED SET OF POLLUTANTS:
INEMAR: SOx, NOx, COV, CH4, CO, CO2, NH3, N2O, PTS, PM10, PM2.5
CESI disaggregation of APAT inventory: SOx, NOx, COV, CO, NH3, PM10
POMI: PM2.5, PM10, NH3, VOC, SO2, NO, NO2, CO

11. POMI : Emission inventories
GRIDDING OF THE POMI EMISSION INVENTORY (1)
GRIDDING OF EMISSIONS AT DIFFERENT SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS:
3 km
Number of cells
Resol.
Po-Valley
95 x 65
6 km
Lombardy
80 x 80
3 km
EMEP
To be def.
(50 km)
6 km
50 km

12. POMI : Emission inventories
GRIDDING OF THE POMI EMISSION INVENTORY (2)
SPATIAL DISAGGREGATION OF MUNICIPAL ANNUAL EMISSIONS:
POINT SOURCES as separate entities
DIFFUSE municipal emissions allocated to sub-municipal spatial entities
Disaggregation based on different LAND USE ASSIGNATION PROFILES
PROFILES are specific for each emission source sector and land use
Land use: CORINE Land Cover (Level 3)

13. POMI : Emission inventories
GRIDDING OF THE POMI EMISSION INVENTORY (3)
SPATIAL DISAGGREGATION WITH LAND USE WEIGHTING PROFILES :
Emissions are distributed, per sector, among different CORINE land use classes according to their respective weighting factors.
weighting factors were derived from the calculation of “emission density” of each emission sector in each land use type
Method established in the EC-founded IMPRESAERO project**
Same method used in the City-Delta project: refinement of Land Use assignation profiles for Lombardy (Maffeis, G. et al.)
**Winiwarter, W.; Vlachogiannis, D.; Gounaris, N.; Bartzis, J.; Ekstrand, S.; Tamponi, M.; Maffeis, G.; Licotti, C.; Dore, C.; Hayman, G. (2001): Final Method Evaluation: Development of Spatially Resolved Emission Inventories for Milan and Athens; WP8000 of the EC research project IMPRESAREO; ARC Seibersdorf research Report, ARC-S-0154, 60 pages.

14. POMI : Emission inventories
IMPRESAERO – Different levels of accuracy
Point sources (and line sources) treated as separated entities
Point sources should be geo-located as points
Which point sources will be considered as separated entities? (Truncation)
are stacks characteristics available for plume rise calculation?
INEMAR OK – geo-located sources
In CESI 2000? (or APAT) are point sources specified?
Line sources available only with INEMAR – not available outside Lombardy at present

15. POMI : Emission inventories
SPATIAL DISAGGREGATION WITH LAND USE WEIGHTING PROFILES
Already tested at the JRC (central part of Po Valley) – INEMAR emissions
Solved the problem of Corine in Switzerland
Disaggregation: only diffuse emissions (for each municipality)
Point sources and linear sources are considered separately

16. POMI : Emission inventories
TEMPORAL DISAGGREGATION OF THE POMI EMISSION GRIDS
City Delta time profiles (G.Maffeis et al.)
A classification of all the cells of the domain in climatic zones will be done
Coefficients for the application of time disaggregation profiles will be supplied by the JRC and applied by the modellers
Mainly based on the following factors:
Type of pollutant
Source sector (SNAP)
Quota and climatic zone (degrees-day of the municipality)
Season (winter, spring, summer and autumn)
Day of week (week days, holiday days and pre-holiday days)
Daily variation (along 24 hours)
CTN ACE time profiles are another option

17. POMI : Emission inventories
DISTRIBUTION OF POMI EMISSION DATA
Emission data generated by the JRC
An ftp server is ready for data exchange
CD/DVD could be a further option
GRID resolution and geographic coordinate system
Geographic re-projection of the proposed
according to specific model needs?
Data format
City Delta data format
Other options?

18. POMI : Emission inventories
Planned improvements of inventories (1)
Survey on residential wood combustion
Application of Copert4 to the national emission dataset on the whole Po Valley
Using a refined vehicle fleet distribution – already elaborated for all the municipalities
characteristics of the house
combustion system used
frequency residential use of wood;
kind and quantity of wood used
trend of wood consumption.

19. POMI : Emission inventories
Planned improvements of inventories (2)
Transport model for the PO valley
Transport
OFFER
DEMAND
Traffic
Assignment
Call for tender: fall/summer 2008
Output: CES early/fall 2010
JRC will collaborate
Planned improvements of inventories: to be used at future stages of POMI