1. Pulmonary Hypertension in the Setting of Acquired Systemic Arteriovenous Fistulas 
Sundeep Bhatia, MD, John F. Morrison, MD, Thomas C. Bower, MD, Michael D. McGoon, MD 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 78, Issue 7, Pages (July 2003)
DOI: /
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2. Figure 1
Computed tomographic scan of the abdomen shows a markedly dilated inferior vena cava (arrow) approximately 3.7 cm in diameter. Early opacification and dilatation of the inferior vena cava in the absence of right ventricular failure were indirect evidence of a systemic arteriovenous connection.
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3. Figure 2
Angiogram shows coils in the lumbar artery (small arrow) that were used to treat the abnormal communication between the left iliac artery and left iliac vein/inferior vena cava (large arrow).
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4. Figure 3
Examination of the abdomen using computed tomographic angiography protocol with 3-dimensional reconstruction shows moderate dilatation of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (arrowhead) and marked dilatation of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) (arrow) with early contrast appearance in the SMV and portal venous system (not shown), suggesting a distal fistula between the SMA and SMV.
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5. Figure 4
Angiogram shows fistula (arrow) between the distal superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Both artery and vein are dilated.
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