1. ORAL CAVITY, And Salivary glands
Dr. Abuelnor

2. Objectives:
Describe the anatomy the oral cavity, (boundaries, parts, nerve supply).
 Describe the anatomy of the palate, (parts, muscles, nerve & blood supply).
 Describe the anatomy of the tongue, (structure, muscles, motor and sensory nerve supply,
blood supply, and drainage).
 Describe the anatomy of the parotid gland: position, shape, structures within it,
innervation and parotid duct.
 Describe the anatomy of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands: location,shape, parts, ducts and innervation of the glands.
اسم ورقم المقرر – Course Name and No.
5/8/2019

3. The Mouth The mouth extends from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus
It is subdivided into:
Vestibule:
which lies between the lips and cheeks externally and the gums and teeth internally
Mouth cavity proper, which lies within the alveolar arches, gums and teeth

4. Mouth Proper It has a roof, formed by hard palate and soft palate
The floor is formed the mylohyoid muscle .
On each side the gums and teeth

5. Nerve Supply
The roof is supplied by the greater palatine and nasopalatine nerves, nerve fibers travel in the maxillary nerve
The floor is supplied by the lingual nerve, a branch of mandibular nerve
The cheek is supplied by the buccal nerve, a branch of mandibular nerve

6. Tongue Mass of striated muscles covered with the mucous membrane
Divided into right and left halves by a median septum
Three parts:
Oral (anterior ⅔)
Pharyngeal (posterior ⅓)
Root (base)
Two surfaces:
Dorsal
Ventral

7. Mucous Membrane of Tongue
The mucous membrane of upper surface of the tongue can be divided into anterior and posterior parts by a V- shaped sulcus called sulcus terminalis
The apex of the sulcus is marked by a small pit called foramen cecum
The foramen cecum marks the site of the upper end of thyroglossal duct

8. Papillae of the Tongue
papillae are present on the upper surface of the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
Posterior third of the tongue is devoid of papillae but has a nodular irregular surface caused by underlying lingual tonsils

9. Mucous Membrane of Tongue
The mucous membrane on the inferior surface of the tongue is smooth
It is reflected from the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Frenulum of the tongue attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth in the midline

10. Muscles of the Tongue
Muscles of the tongue are intrinsic and extrinsic
Intrinsic muscles are confined to the tongue and are not attached to bone
They consist of longitudinal, transverse and vertical fibers
They are supplied by hypoglossal nerve
They alter the shape of the tongue

11. Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue
They are attached to the bone and the soft palate
These are:
The genioglossus,
The hyoglossus,
The styloglossus, and
The palatoglossus

12. Blood Supply of Tongue The tongue is supplied by: The lingual artery
The tonsillar branch of the facial artery
The ascending pharyngeal artery
The veins drain into the internal jugular vein

13. Lymph Drainage of Tongue
The tip of the tongue drains into the submental lymph nodes
The remainder of the anterior two thirds of the tongue drains into the submandibular and deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides
From posterior third drains into the deep cervical lymph nodes on both sides

14. The Palate The palate forms the roof of the mouth It is divided into:
Hard palate infront
Soft palate behind

15. Hard Palate
Hard palate is formed by the palatine processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Soft palate is a mobile fold attached to the posterior border of the hard palate
Its free posterior border presents in midline a conical projection called uvula

16. Muscles of Soft Palate Muscles of the soft palate are:
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Musculus uvulae

17. Nerve Supply of the Palate
The greater and lesser palatine nerves from the trigeminal nerve
The nasopalatine nerve, branch of a maxillary nerve
The glossopharyngeal nerve also supplies the soft palate

18. Blood Supply of the Palate
The greater palatine branch of maxillary artery
The ascending palatine branch of facial artery
The ascending pharyngeal artery
Lymph drains into deep cervical lymph nodes

19. Parotid produces a serous, watery secretion.
Salivary glands are exocrine glands, that produce saliva.
There are 3 large named pairs of salivary glands and multiple minute unnamed glands in the submucosa of the oral cavity
Parotid produces a serous, watery secretion.
Submandibular produces a mixed serous & mucous secretion.
Sublingual secretes saliva that is predominantly mucous in character.
ndibular

20. PAROTID GLAND Largest salivary gland. Formed entirely of serous acini.
Position: located between mandibular ,and Mastoid process Shape: triangular the apex behind angle of the mandible
Base directed upward just below the zygomatic arch, external auditory meatus
Accessory part:
A small part that is separated from the main gland.
اسم ورقم المقرر – Course Name and No.
5/8/2019

21. Parotid Duct
It opens into the vestibule of the mouth on a small papilla, opposite the upper second molar (maxillary) tooth.

22. From superficial to deep 1- Facial nerve:
What are the Structures within the Parotid gland?
From superficial to deep
1- Facial nerve:
It is the most superficial structure, it divides the gland into superficial & deep parts.
2- Retromandibular vein: intermediate in position
Formed by the union of maxillary & superficial temporal veins.
3- External carotid artery: Most deep,
It is divided into maxillary and superficial temporal arteries.
اسم ورقم المقرر – Course Name and No.
5/8/2019

23. The postganglionic fibers running in auriculotemporal nerve.
Nerve Supply: Parasympathetic from inferior salivary nucleus – tympanic nerve- through the glossopharyngeal nerve to tympanic plexus- lesser petrosal to otic ganglion-
The postganglionic fibers running in auriculotemporal nerve.
Sympathetic: from plexus around external carotid artery.
اسم ورقم المقرر – Course Name and No.
5/8/2019

24. Blood supply Arterial: ECA & its branches.
Venous drainage: retromandibular vein.
Lymphatic: parotid & deep cervical lymph nodes.
اسم ورقم المقرر – Course Name and No.
5/8/2019

25. SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND
Located deep to the body of the mandible
Formed of 2 parts:
Large superficial part
Small deep part

26. SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT The duct emerges from the deep part of the gland.
It passes forward along the side of the tongue, under the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.
It is crossed laterally by the lingual nerve
It opens on the summit of a small sublingual papilla, which lies at the side of the frenulum of the tongue.

27. SUBMANDIBULAR DUCT
Clinically, it is important to remember that the submandibular duct can be palpated through the floor of the mouth alongside the tongue.
Saliva can usually be seen emerging from the orifice of the duct.

28. SUBLINGUAL GLAND The smallest of the three salivary glands.
It lies below the mucous membrane of the floor of mouth, close to the midline.

29. Sublingual ducts The sublingual ducts are 8 to 20 in number.
Most open into the summit of the sublingual fold, but a few may open into the submandibular duct.

30. Blood Supply Arterial supply: Facial artery. Venous drainage:
Facial vein.
Lymph drainage:
Submandibular lymph nodes.
اسم ورقم المقرر – Course Name and No.
5/8/2019

31. NERVE SUPPLY
Parasympathetic secretomotor supply is from superior salivary nucleus of the facial (7th) nerve.
The fibers pass to the submandibular ganglion via the chorda tympani nerve and the lingual nerve.
Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers reach the submandibular & sublingual glands either directly or along the duct.

32. References: Gray's Anatomy for Students- Second edition.
Clinically Oriented Anatomy , Keith L. Moore- Sixth edition.
Netter’s Clinical Anatomy, Second edition.