1. ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

2. NOMENCLATURE OF ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS
AP position
RAO position
LAO position
Cranial position
Caudal position

3. ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS FOR SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY SEGMENTS
Left Main AP
LAO cranial
LAO caudal
Proximal LAD LAO cranial
RAO caudal
Mid LAD LAO cranial
RAO cranial
Lateral
Distal LAD AP
Diagonal LAO cranial

4. Proximal circumflex RAO cranial
LAO caudal
Intermediate RAO caudal
Obtuse marginal RAO caudal
RAO cranial
Proximal RCA LAO
Lateral
Mid RCA LAO
RAO
Distal RCA LAO cranial
PDA LAO cranial
Posterolateral LAO cranial

5. DEGREE OF ANGULATION Left Coronary Artery LAO - 300 - 450
Cranial
Caudal
RAO
Right Coronary Artery
Cranial

6. COMMON ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Biplane cineangiography is require
For VSD
LAO – 600
Cranial – 300
For ASD (Hepatoclavicular angiographic view)

7. For transposition of great arteries(Laid back angiographic view)
Steep AP caudal
Proximal branch pulmonary artery anatomy
Steep AP cranial

8. Causes of Poor Angiograms
PATIENT FACTORS
Size
Movement
Hardware (Pacemaker, Harrison rods, multiple surgery with clips)
Angiographer Factors
Poor catheter seating
Poor contrast injection
Equipment Factors
X-ray generated problem
X-ray tube problem
Image intensifier problem

9. THANK YOU