1. 1.3 Given a scenario, apply appropriate Microsoft command line tools
Command LINE BASICS
EXAM 902
1.3 Given a scenario, apply appropriate Microsoft command line tools
4.1 Given a scenario, troubleshoot PC operating system problems with appropriate tools

2. Command Prompt
In many cases its more efficient to manipulate files and folders using commands in a command prompt window than using Windows Explorer
In some troubleshooting situations, you have no other option but to use the command prompt window
The next section covers using basic commands at the command prompt

3. prompt
Command Prompt
Open a command prompt window by clicking the start button, then enter cmd in the search box, and press enter
At the command prompt, you enter commands to perform a variety of tasks
Windows has 2 levels of command prompt windows, a standard window and an elevated window

4. Standard vs Elevated Windows
The Standard window opens by default and will show the directory of the currently logged on user’s folder
Commands requiring administrative privileges will not work in a standard window
The Elevated window requires the user to logon as an administrator or enter an admin password
The word “administrator” will appear in the title bar
The default directory will be: C:\Windows\system32

5. Windows Vista or 7 In Windows 8 or 10
An elevated command prompt window (indicated by “administrator” in the title bar) has administrative privileges
In Windows 8 or 10

6. 5 Command Prompt Tips
The following 5 Tips will help you with working in a command prompt window:
Tip 5: Type exit and press Enter to close the window
Tip 1: Type cls and press Enter to clear the window
Tip 4: Press Ctrl+Break or Ctrl+Pause to terminate or pause a command before it is finished
Tip 2: Press the up arrow to retrieve the last command that you entered
Tip 3: Press the right arrow to retrieve the last command one character at a time

7. HELP command and results
use the help command to get help with any other command and to list all available commands
HELP command and results

8. ping -t xcopy /s chkdsk /f /r Switches
Many commands can use parameters (more commonly called switches)
Switches effect how the command will work
Switches often begin with a slash followed by a single character
For example the “dir” command can be used with the “/p” switch to list files and directories one screen at a time
So you would enter “dir /p” (without quotations) at the command prompt

9. DIR A*.???
Wildcards
When working at the command prompt you can use wildcard characters to apply a command to a group of files
You can also use them to abbreviate a filename if you don’t know the entire name
The question mark (?) is a wildcard for one character
The asterisk (*) is a wildcard for one or more characters
For example to find all files in a folder that start with “A” and have a 3 letter file extension, use the following command: ? *

10. DIR command and results
use the dir command to display a list of files and folders
The Dir command is used to list files and directories
DIR command and results

11. Folder Commands Use the Md command to: create a directory Use the
Cd command
to: change the current default directory
Use the
Rd command
to: remove a directory (empty)
Folder Commands

12. File Commands Use the DEL command (or Erase command)
to: delete one or more files
Use the
REN command
to: rename a file or group of files

13. Copy, Xcopy, & Robocopy Commands Comparison
The copy command copies a single file or group of files
Example: To copy myfile.txt from drive C: to drive E:, use the following command: C:\>copy myfile.txt E:
XCOPY
The xcopy command uses the same format as the copy command but it is more powerful
ROBOCOPY (robust file copy)
The robocopy command is more powerful than xcopy
Ability to tolerate network interruptions and resume copying

14. XCOPY command and results

15. ROBOCOPY command and results

16. Disk Commands Chkdsk Command The chkdsk command
fixes file system errors and recovers data from bad sectors on the drive
Used with the /F switch, chkdsk searches for and fixes two types of file system errors
Lost Clusters are clusters marked as used but does not belong to any file; the data in these clusters is lost
Cross Linked Clusters are clusters that are marked as belonging to more than one file
Used with the /R switch
chkdsk looks for lost clusters and cross linked clusters and bad sectors

17. DEFRAG command and results
use the defrag command to examine a drive for fragmented files and rewrite them in contiguous clusters
DEFRAG command and results

18. FORMAT command and results
use the format command to perform a high level format on a hard drive or other storage device
Format Command
FORMAT command and results

19. SHUTDOWN command and results
use the shutdown command to shutdown the local computer or a remote computer
SHUTDOWN command and results