1. Warm-Up What are cells? What do they do that is important for life?

2. Warm-Up How are eukaryotes different than prokaryotes
Warm-Up How are eukaryotes different than prokaryotes? Include cell complexity and size. Pass them to the front

3. Structure and Function
Cells
Structure and Function
Wake County
Biology Curriculum
current.com

4. Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells.
The cell is the most basic unit of life.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.

5. Prokaryotes: Most primitive cell
Bacteria: do not have a nuclei or other membrane bound organelles; DNA is contained within the cytoplasm
Some bacteria have a capsule which is a surface layer that helps them stick to each other and surfaces
eapbiofield.wikispaces.com

6. Bacteria have a cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, and DNA in the cytoplasm (no nucleus).

7. Bacteria, or prokaryotes, have no membrane-bound organelles.

8. A plasmid is a circular molecule
One organelle unique to prokaryotes is a molecule of DNA called a plasmid.
A plasmid is a circular molecule

10. However, eukaryotes have many membrane-bound organelles.

11. Eukaryotes
Unicellular or multi-cellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles and genetic material within a nucleus
All organisms but bacteria
Includes protists, fungi, animals, and plants

14. Eukaryotes
Many of the membrane-bound organelles following are found in eukaryotes only

15. Parts of the Cell Cell wall:
A tough covering made of cellulose that adds structure and protection to a cell
Located outside the cell membrane
In plants, bacteria, protists, and fungi only (not animals)
biology.unm.edu

16. Parts of the Cell Cell membrane:
Semi-permeable outer layer of all cells
Lets selected substances into the cell, such as food and water, and other substances out of the cell, such as wastes.
All cells have a membrane.
Cell membrane

17. Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane

18. Parts of the Cell
Nucleus: Only in eukaryotes; Contains the DNA of the eukaryotic cell so is called the “control center” of the cell. Enclosed in a membrane.

19. Parts of the Cell Nucleus Contains DNA DNA is in the form of chromatin
When cells begin mitosis, DNA coils into structures called chromosomes
DNA carries all the genes needed to make and control the cell

20. Parts of the Cell
Nuclear envelope: membrane surrounding the nucleus that allows important molecules in and out of the nucleus
Chromatin: DNA that has unwound from chromosome form into long strings

21. Parts of the Cell
Ribosomes: small organelles that make proteins; Made of RNA; they get their information directly from the nucleus; some attached to the endoplasmic reticulum and some are free
free ribosome

22. Parts of the Cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): folded membrane (so only in eukaryotes) within the cell that transports proteins and other chemicals throughout the cell; surrounds the nucleus to get information from DNA
Rough ER has ribosomes attached that make proteins on the membrane.
Smooth ER has no ribosomes so other chemicals are produced on the membrane

23. Parts of the Cell
Golgi body (apparatus): folded membranes (so found only in eukaryotes) that package chemicals, including proteins, that the cell produces and then ships outside the cell.

24. Parts of the Cell
Mitochondria: organelles that use sugar to produce energy for the cell; know as the “power house” of the cell
Folded membranes
hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

25. The folded membranes increase surface area on which chemical reactions may occur.

26. Parts of the Cell
Chloroplast: organelles that contain chlorophyll and the process of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll: the green pigment that is necessary for photosynthesis
biology.unm.edu
Folded membranes

27. Parts of the Cell
Vacuole: membrane-bound organelle that contains water, wastes, and other fluids in cells; large vacuole in plant cell helps cell keep its shape
Vacuole 
Animal cell
Plant cell
en.wikipedia.org

28. Parts of the Cell
Lysosome: membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes; digest food particles and other substances
publications.nigms.nih.gov

29. Parts of the Cell
Cytoplasm: a fluid that is contained in a cell and surrounds the cell’s organelles
cytoplasm
coolcell.blogspot.com

30. In multicellular organisms, cell structure is connected to function
In multicellular organisms, cell structure is connected to function. Every cell is made to do a specific job and has to be put together in a specific way to do that job.

31. Even though every cell in a multicellular organism has the exact same set of DNA, different cells are structurally different to do different jobs.

32. Morphology: the study of form and function of living things. l

33. Different cells may have different numbers and arrangements of organelles depending on what types of jobs the cells are responsible for.

36. Hierarchy of Life
Atoms make molecules

37. Hierarchy of Life
Molecules make compounds

38. Compounds to organelles
Hierarchy of Life
Compounds to organelles

39. Hierarchy of Life
Organelles
to Cells

40. Hierarchy of Life
Cells to tissues
hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca

41. Hierarchy of Life
Tissues to organs

42. Organs to organs systems
biologyjunction.com

43. Organ systems to organism
Hierarchy of Life
Organ systems to organism

44. Organisms to populations
Hierarchy of Life
Organisms to populations

45. Populations to communities
Hierarchy of Life
Populations to communities
pixdaus.com 45

46. Hierarchy of Life Communities to ecosystem (biome) schools.bcsd.com 46

47. Hierarchy of Life
Ecosystems
to biosphere 47 47

48. image.wistatutor.com

49. Answer the review questions at the end of the notes
Answer the review questions at the end of the notes. You may work within your groups.