1. We can measure ENC by measuring the induced current.

2. Experiments: i2 is only present when i1 is changing.
EMF

3. Experiments: i2 is proportional to the area of the solenoid.
EMF

4. Faraday’s Law
This is the magnetic flux through the loop.
EMF
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5. Faraday’s Law
EMF
The EMF around a closed path is equal to the rate of change of the magnetic flux inside the path.

6. Faraday’s Law
The EMF around a closed path is equal to the rate of change of the magnetic flux inside the path.

7. Michael Faraday (1791 – 1876)