1. Solutions Vocabulary Saturated solution Solubility
Unsaturated solution
Miscible
Immiscible
Supersaturated solution
Concentration
Diluted solution
Molarity
Colligative property
Freezing-point depression
Concentrated solution
Boiling-point elevation
Molality
Molar freezing-point depression constant (Kf)
Molar boiling-point elevation constant (Kb)

3. Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)
Same throughout
Small particles
Dissolved
Can be solid, liquid, or gas

4. Parts of a Solution Solute - substance being dissolved
Solvent - present in greater amount

5. What are some examples of homogeneous mixtures?
Solute
Solvent
Example
solid
Alloys (brass, steel)
liquid
Salt water
gas
Air bubbles in ice cubes
Rubbing alcohol, vinegar
Soda
Air

7. Unsaturated vs. Saturated

8. Supersaturated Solutions
Contains more solute than a saturated solution

9. How to Increase Solubility:
Add more solvent
Heat
Stir
Broken solute into smaller particles

10. Solubility Chart assignment
To Do:
Solutions Vocabulary
Solubility Chart assignment

12. Concentration of Solute:
Molarity

13. The amount of solute in a solution is given by its concentration.
Molarity ( M ) =
moles solute
liters of solution
*to convert mass to moles:
mass x mol
1 molar mass
Reasoning: Many solutions are made up of the same substances, but in varying concentrations.

14. Molarity Lab
Lemonade Anyone?

15. Qualitative Data A B C Bottle
Concentration Rank (1-strongest; 3-weakest) A B C

16. Assume the mix is half sucrose and half citric acid
Quantitative Data
M = mol mix a
Liters of solution
Bottle
Liters of Solution
Grams of Mix
Grams of Sucrose
*Moles of Sucrose
grams of Citric Acid
*Moles of Citric Acid
Moles of Mix
Molarity of Mix A
 1.89
 160 B
 46 C
 90
*to convert mass to moles:
mass x mol
1 molar mass
Sucrose—C12H22O11
Citric Acid—C6H8O7
Assume the mix is half sucrose and half citric acid

17. A 4.0 g sugar cube (sucrose: C12H22O11) is dissolved in a 350 ml teacup filled with hot water. What is the molarity of the sugar solution?
Step 1: Make all of the needed conversions.
Convert grams to moles.
Convert mL to L.
Step 2: Calculate Molarity

18. Electrolyte Simulation Lab

19. PHET Lab How much salt (in grams) is in the salt shaker?
How much sugar (in grams) is in the sugar shaker?
Why does the light bulb light up in the _________ solution but not the _________ solution?
What is an electrolyte?

20. Colligative Properties
Properties that change as concentration of a solution changes
Density, color, taste
Vapor pressure
Boiling point
Freezing point

21. Colligative Property:
Picture:
Explanation:
Density & Color
Taste
Vapor Pressure Depression
Freezing Point Depression
Boiling Point Elevation

22. Density & Color

23. Taste

24. Electrolytes vs. Nonelectrolytes
The magnitude of the colligative property is directly proportional to the number of solute molecules or ions present.
More of an effect on the colligative properties.

25. Vapor Pressure Depression 3,5

26. Boiling Point Elevation 4,7
Because vapor pressure is lowered, a higher temperature is required to push the molecules from liquid to gas state.

27. Freezing Point Depression 6,8

29. Colligative Properties Concept Review
Work Session
Colligative Properties Concept Review

30. Solutions Test Vocabulary Solubility Curve Colligative Properties
Molarity Calculations