1. Shearwaters and Cardinals
Ariel Barlow

2. Order: Procellariiformes characteristics
Consists of four families: albatrosses, two families of petrels, and shearwaters
Recognized by their tubular nostrils which project upon the upper bill (feature also gives them their alternative name which is Tubinares; meaning tube-nosed)
Webbed feet, and hind toe is either vestigial or missing
All species have a characteristic musky odor caused by the excretion of stomach oil. This can be used as a defensive discharge through the mouth when it is alarmed

3. Economic importance to humans:
Source of food (protein)
Feathers are used in hat-making
Petrels are often used as bait by fishermen
Stomach oils of Procellariiformes are used as lamp oil and as an ingredient in medicine

4. Distribution:
Majority breed in the southern hemisphere, but some species migrate across the equator to winter in the northern summer seas
Species that breed in the northern hemisphere migrate south to winter in the southern summer
Some are less migratory and don’t cross the equator
Some are almost sedentary
Actually ARE found in some parts of Antarctica!

5. Feeding Habits:
Eat small fish and crustaceans, squid, garbage from ships, wounded or exhausted or dead birds, carrion including the flesh of dead whales, and some will kill unattended young penguins
Make short dives as needed
Do not typically kill other birds since they are not very agile on land

6. Reproduction/Birth Lay one egg (usually white)
Severe competition for nesting territories
Return to the same nesting site each year
Mate for life
Elaborate greeting:

7. Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae Facts:
Don’t migrate and don’t molt, so constantly the same pretty colors
Females sing while on the nest which might signal to the male when to bring food back
A mated pair of cardinals share song phrases, but the female may sing longer and more complex song than the male: Pairs mate for life
Eat insects, spiders, wild fruits, berries, and weed seeds
Female typically incubates the eggs, but the male will for short periods of time; incubation takes days; Young fledge 10 to 11 days after hatching; anywhere from 2 to 4 broods are raised each year

8. Distribution and Characteristics:
State bird in seven states: Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, North Carolina, Ohio, Virginia, and West Virginia
Distinctive crest on the head and a mask on the face that is black in males and grey in females
Female is dull reddish olive and the male is bright red