1. Source: IEEE Pervasive Computing, Vol. 8, Issue.4, Oct.2009, pp. 14 – 23 Author: Satyanarayanan, M., Bahl, P., Caceres, R., Davies, N. Adviser: Chia-Nian Shyi Speaker: Date: 2010/11/2 1

2. Introduction We have developed the core concepts, techniques and mechanisms for mobile computing. Mobile computing seamlessly augments the cognitive abilities of users. Speech recognition Natural language processing Computer vision and graphics Machine learning Augmented reality Planning and decision-making 2

3. Introduction Exploit virtual Machine (VM) technology to rapidly instantiate customized service software on a nearby cloudlet, then uses that service over a wireless LAN. Cloudlet also simplifies the challenge of meeting bandwidth demand of multiple users, such as HD video and high- resolution images. 3

4. Resource-Poor Mobile Hardware Mobile hardware is necessarily resource-poor relative to static client and server hardware. Improving size, weight and battery life are higher priorities than enhancing compute power. Resource poverty is a major obstacle for many applications with the potential to seamlessly augment human cognition. 4

5. The Limits of Cloud Computing Cloud computing - solution to the resource poverty of mobile devices. Long WAN latencies are a fundamental obstacle. WAN delays in the critical path of user interaction can hurt usability. 5

6. The Limits of Cloud Computing Lagar-Cavilla et al shows latency can negatively impact interactive response in spite of adequate bandwidth. 6

7. How Cloudlets Can Help Resource poverty of a mobile device can be addressed by using a nearby resource-rich cloudlet. The end-to-end response time of applications executing in the cloudlet needs to be fast (few milliseconds) and predictable. 7

8. How Cloudlets Can Help Cloudlets are decentralized and widely- dispersed Internet infrastructure. 8

9. How Cloudlets Can Help A cloudlet only contains soft state such as cache copies of data or code that is available elsewhere. 9

10. Transient Cloudlet Customization A key challenge is to simplify cloudlet management. Solution is transient customization of cloudlet infrastructure using hardware virtual machine (VM) technology. Pre-use customization and Post-use cleanup. 10

11. Transient Cloudlet Customization Two different approaches to delivering VM state to infrastructure. VM migration approach Already-executing VM is first suspended, processor, disk and memory state are then transferred, VM execution is resumed at the destination. 11

12. Transient Cloudlet Customization The other approach is called dynamic VM synthesis. 12

13. Transient Cloudlet Customization Dynamic VM synthesis differs cloud in two key ways. First its performance is determined solely by local resources: Bandwidth to cloudlet Compute power of the cloudlet Second, WAN failures do not affect synthesis. 13

14. Dynamic VM Synthesis A proof-of-concept prototype called Kimberley. The controller of the transient binding between mobile device and cloudlet called Kimberley Control Manager (KCM). 14

15. Dynamic VM Synthesis The first step in the binding sequence is the establishment of a secure TCP tunnel using SSL between KCM on a device and a cloudlet. After successful authentication, the cloudlet KCM executes a command that fetches the VM overlay from the mobile device. 15

16. Dynamic VM Synthesis Decrypts and decompresses it, and applies the overlay to the base VM. The VM is then launched, and is ready to provide services to the mobile device. 16

17. Dynamic VM Synthesis For use in cloudlets, rapid VM synthesis is important. Cloudlet handoffs should be as rapid, invisible and seamless. 17

18. Dynamic VM Synthesis Significant improvement is needed for real-world deployment. The major contributors to VM synthesis time are (a) overlay transmission and (b) decompressing and applying the overlay on the cloudlet. 18

19. Dynamic VM Synthesis To reduce decompression and overlay application times, can exploit parallelism. Partitioning the VM image into four parts will allow a four-core cloudlet to synthesize the parts. 19

20. Conclusion Resource poverty is a fundamental constraint. A vision of mobile computing that breaks free of this fundamental constraint. Mobile users seamlessly utilize nearby computers to obtain the resource benefits of cloud computing without incurring WAN delays and jitter. 20