1. Pulse and Blood Pressure

2. Pulse
Pulse
pressure wave of blood
Measured as Heart Rate: beats per minute
Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated
Figure 11.16
Slide 11.35
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

3. Practice taking your pulse and Heart Rate
First, try to find your pulse
Neck: just below the corner of your mandible
Wrist: on the thumb side, between the tendons
Now, count how many beats you feel in 60 seconds. I’ll time you

4. Blood Pressure
Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries
Systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction
Diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax
Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases
Slide 11.36
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

5. Comparison of Blood Pressures in Different Vessels
Figure 11.17
Slide 11.38
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6. Quick Quiz
Why do you think it is important to measure pulse and heart rate?
What does blood pressure measure?
Why do you think it is important to monitor blood pressure?

7. Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure
Figure 11.18
Slide 11.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

8. Blood Pressure Demonstration

9. Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors
Peripheral Resistance
The amount of friction encountered by blood as it flows through blood vessels
Constriction/narrowing of vessels
Blood viscosity (thickness)
Cholesterol buildup inside vessels
Age, weight, exercise, body position, emotional state, drugs
Slide 11.39a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

10. Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors
Neural factors
Autonomic nervous system adjustments (sympathetic division)
Renal factors
Regulation by altering blood volume
Renin – hormonal control
Slide 11.39a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

11. Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors
Temperature
Heat has a vasodilation effect
Cold has a vasoconstricting effect
Chemicals
Various substances can cause increases or decreases
Diet
Slide 11.39b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

12. Factors Determining Blood Pressure
Figure 11.19
Slide 11.40
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

13. Quick Quiz What is Peripheral Resistance?
Name two factors that influence Peripheral Resistance.

14. Variations in Blood Pressure
Human normal range is variable
Normal
140–110 mm Hg systolic
80–75 mm Hg diastolic
Hypotension
Low systolic (below 110 mm HG)
Often associated with illness
Hypertension
High systolic (above 140 mm HG)
Can be dangerous if it is chronic
Slide 11.41
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

15. Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System
A simple “tube heart” develops in the embryo and pumps by the fourth week
The heart becomes a four-chambered organ by the end of seven weeks
Few structural changes occur after the seventh week
Slide 11.44
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

16. Quick Quiz Would 120/80 be considered a normal blood pressure?
When systolic pressure is greater than 140, what is the condition called?
When systolic pressure is less than 110, what is the condition called?
What do you think the dangers of high or low blood pressure are?