1. Ch 9 Stoichiometry How does this apply to everyday life?
Following recipe for cooking/ baking
Following directions in building/construction
Knowing how much of ingredients needed
Using Balanced Chem Eqns
Knowing how much reagent(s) needed to make product or how much product formed in reaction
Stoichiometry: “element” and “to measure” = calculation of amounts of substances involved in chem rxn

2. 9.1 Intro 4 Types of Problems Mole Ratios Remember Molar Mass
mol given moles of unknown
moles given mass of unknown
mass given moles of unknown
mass given mass of unknown
Mole Ratios
Written as conversion factors
Remember Molar Mass
Mass (g) of 1 mol of substance

3. 9.2 Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations
Don’t Forget Mass Conservation! (Mass and atoms conserved; reactants = products)
Given quantity x conversion factor = unknown quantity
Type 1: mole-to-mole conversion
Type 2: mole-to-gram conversion
Type 3: gram-to-mole conversion
Type 4: mass-to-mass conversion

5. Arithmetic of Equations
Interpreting Chem Eqns
Quantities of atoms: # and type of atoms in reactant(s) and product(s)
Quantities of molecules: # and type of molecules in reactant(s) and product(s)
Quantities of moles: coefficients of balanced ch rxn is # moles of reactants/ products!
Mass: follows law of conservation of mass; use mole relationships
Volume: remember 1 mole of gas at STP has volume of 22.4L; coefficients to know relative volumes

8. Chem Calculations Moles ratios used? Steps in Stoichiometric problems
Mole ratios are the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation! Relates reactants to products
Steps in Stoichiometric problems
Get moles: Convert given quantity to moles
Mole Ratio: Use mole ratio from equations to find moles of wanted component
Get Right Units: Convert moles of wanted to desired unit

9. 9.3Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield
Limiting Reagents: insufficient quantity, run out reaction is over/ limit product made
Excess Reagents: not completely used up/ have extra when reaction is over

10. Yield
Theoretical yield: max amount of product that could be formed from all reactants
Actual Yield: amount actually formed in exp.
Percent yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield x100%
Measures efficiency of exp; remember % error