1. Factories and Machinery Act 1967
An Act to provide :
the control of factories with respect to matters relating to the safety, health and welfare of persons at work,
the registration and inspection of machinery and for other related matters

2. Regulations under FMA F&M (Cert. of Competency – Examination) Reg.
F&M (Electric Passenger and Good Lift) Reg.
F&M (Fencing of Machinery and Safety) Reg.
F&M (Notification, Certificate of Fitness and Inspection) Reg.
F&M (Persons-in-charge) Reg.
F&M (Safety, Health and Welfare) Reg.
F&M (Steam Boiler & Unfired Presssure Vessel) Reg.
F&M (Administration) Reg.

3. 9. F&M (Compounding Offences) Reg.
10. F&M (Compoundable Offences) Rules.
11. F&M (Lead) Reg.
12. F&M (Asbestos Process) Reg.
13. F&M (Building Operations and Wks of Engineering Construction) (Safety) Reg.
14. F&M (Noise Exposure) Reg.
15. F&M (Mineral Dust) Reg.

4. FACTORIES & MACHINERY (LEAD) REGULATIONS 1984
PEL of 150g/m3 TWA 8 hr.
Action level 75/m3 TWA 8 hr.
Atmospheric monitoring required for exposed workers.
Details of monitoring (eg who, when) specified.
Engineering controls and work procedures to be used.
KEY FEATURES
Respiratory protection required where other controls are inadequate. Type specified.
Medical surveillance required (>action level).
Frequency of medical surveillance specified.
Content of medical examination specified.
Temporary removal of employees with high blood lead levels required.

5. FACTORIES & MACHINERY (LEAD) REGULATIONS 1984
KEY FEATURES continued
Requires training of employees in
(i) Regulations.
(ii) Nature of operations.
(iii) Respiratory protection.
(iv) Medical surveillance.

6. Lead Occurrence inorganic - this lecture organic Common uses
batteries, radiator repair, ammunition, radiation shielding, paints, manufacture of petrol additives
Main health effects
gastrointestinal - pain, constipation
anemia
neuromuscular - foot drop
kidneys damage
nerves and brain damage
foetus brain and nerves damage
reproductive disorders in male

7. Lead Legislation PEL 150 ug / m3 TWA, Action level ug / m3 TWA
Atmospheric monitoring required (>action level)
Protection factor can be considered
engineering control and work practice required to control exposure
respiratory protection and other PPE
medical surveillance (> action level)
specific maximum blood lead levels

8. FACTORIES & MACHINERY (ASBESTOS PROCESS) REGULATIONS 1986
KEY FEATURES Continued
Defines asbestos process.
PEL of 1 fibre/ml TWA 8hr. Action level 0.5.
Requires exhaust ventilation to control.
Requires inspection and testing of exhausts of specific intervals.
Protective equipment required above PEL.
KEY FEATURES
Requires personal monitoring (<3 months).
Requires medical examination (<2 years).
Details of medical examination specified.
Employee to be removed from asbestos work ie medical tests show early signs of disease.
Requires employees to be trained.

9. Asbestos Uses more than 3,000 Friction products e.g. brake, clutch
Building products e.g asbestos cement sheets, pipe, floor,
Insulation e.g fire, electrical
Fabric e.g blankets, gloves
Mineralogy
fibrous silicates
thin crystalline fibres
split longitudinally
common types:
chrysotile (white) - amosite (brown)
crocidolite (blue) - tremolite
actinolite - anthophyllite

10. Asbestos Health hazards Asbestos related diseases
due to fibrous nature
durability in lung blue > brown > white
Asbestos related diseases
1. Asbestosis
scarring of lungs
reduced lung functions
cause death
high concentration and time

11. Asbestos 2. Pleural plagues Asbestos related diseases 3. Mesothelioma
thickening of pleura
non fatal
3. Mesothelioma
cancer of pleura or peritoneum
rare, invariably fatal
associated with low exposure
latency years
blue and brown most potent
4. Lung cancer
mainly associated with high exposure
all types of asbestos
smoking greatly increases risk

12. Asbestos Factory and Machinery (Asbestos process) Regulation 1986
PEL 1 f/cubic meter
Exhaust equipment, tested at specified interval
Protective equipment
Employees obliged to use protective equipment
Personal monitoring 3 monthly
medical examinations 2 yearly and record for 20 years
training

13. FACTORIES & MACHINERY (MINERAL DUST) REGULATIONS 1989
KEY FEATURES
A PEL of .1mg/m3 quartz. Action level .05 mg/m3.
A PEL of 5mg/m3 (respirable) 10mg/m3 (inspirable) other dust.
Sand blasting prohibited (written approval required).
Engineering controls required to reduce dust.
Protective equipment to be provided.
Atmospheric monitoring required.
Medical examinations (>action level).
Details of medical examinations specified.
Employer to provide respiratory protection if signs of pneumoconiosis.
Training of employees required.

14. Mineral Dusts Definition
25 listed in Factory and Machinery regulations
include silica, limestone, kaolin clay
silica most significant
Types of Silica
Quartz - majority of uses
Crystobalite
Trydimite
Common uses
Glass manufacture
Sand blasting
Refractory materials
Abrasives
Contaminant in mining operations

15. Mineral Dusts Absorption inhalation only Health effects Silicosis
Risk depends on exposure
mostly chronic > 10 years, sometime acute (1-2 years)
No treatment, cause death
probable carcinogen (IARC)
Legislation
PEL respirable dust 5 mg/m3 (< 1% silica)
PEL inspirable dust 10 mg/m3 (< 1% silica)
PEL quartz 0.1 mg/m3
Action level 0.05 mg/m3
Atmospheric monitoring (> action level)
Engineering controls
medical examinations
training

16. FACTORIES & MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
KEY FEATURES
PEL
- 8 hr equivalent continuous 90dBA.
- Noise dose of 1.
- As per schedule for short exposures.
- Maximum 115dBA.
- Impulsive 140 dB.
Method of compliance by engineering and administrative controls.
Hearing protection to be provided if these controls not effective.
Obligations on employers and employees
(i) monitoring:
(ii) audiometric testing:
(iii)training.

17. FACTORIES & MACHINERY (NOISE EXPOSURE) REGULATIONS 1989
KEY FEATURES Continued
Initial and ongoing monitoring specified for employees > action level.
Attenuation of hearing protection - below PEL.
Audiometric testing > action level.
Frequency of testing and details specified.
Employees to be retrained and refitted with hearing protection devices if PTS detected.
Employee training specified. Repeated < 2 years.

18. Provisions of Noise Regulations
Factory and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations, 1989
Provisions of Noise Regulations
Duties of occupier
monitor to assign noise exposure for each employee at risk from excessive noise
notify at risk of their exposure within 2 weeks
reduce at risk exposures by engineering or administrative controls
Provide free hearing PPE
send at risk for audiometric testing
Inform at risk their audio results within 3 weeks
Institute training program for at risk
Post warning signs
establish and maintain accurate records

19. Provisions of Noise regulations
Permissible exposure Limit (PEL)
Leq 90dBA or exceed 115 dBA at any time
peak sound pressure of 140 dB
Exposure monitoring
to determine employee at or above action level of 85 dBA
repeat with production, process, equipment, control measure, personnel change

20. Provisions of Noise Regulations
Audiometric program
baseline for at risk
yearly for those above PEL, audiometric hearing impaired or Standard threshold shift
two yearly for action level
Employee information and training
two yearly training program
Warning signs
at entrance and periphery
Record keeping
exposure data and audiometric data for all current employees and for 5 years for ex employees
Penalty
RM 1000 for each and every offence

21. FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (BUILDING OPERATIONS AND WORKS OF ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION) (SAFETY) REGULATIONS, 1986
PART TIME SITE SAFETY SUPERVISOR (15 HOURS A WEEK)
SUBCONTRACTOR WITH MORE THAN 20 PERSONS
ON SITE - PART TIME SAFETY SUPERVISOR (5 HOURS A WK)
SITE SAFETY COMMITTEE IF 50 OR MORE PERSONS ON SITE

22. HOISTING MACHINERY – LEGAL REQUIREMENT
FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967 (Section 3)
“HOISTING MACHINE” MEANS A LIFT, ESCALATOR, HOIST, CRANE, SHEER LEGS, GIN, CRAB, WINCH, EXCAVATOR, TEAGLE, RUNWAY, TRANSPORTER OR PILING FRAME AND ALLIED EQUIPMENT”.
“HOISTING TACKLE” INCLUDES A CHAIN OR ROPE SLING, RING, LINK, HOOK, SHACKLE, SWIVEL, EYEBOLT, CHAIN, ROPE, PULLEY BLOCK AND CHAIN BLOCK”

23. FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT, 1967
CERTIFICATES OF FITNESS
(1) no person shall operate or cause or permit to be operated any machinery in respect of which a certificate of fitness is prescribed, unless there is in force in relation to the operation of the machinery a valid certificate of fitness issued under this act.
(2) in the case of any contravention of subsection (1) an inspector shall forthwith serve upon the person aforesaid a notice in writing prohibiting the operation of the machinery or may render the machinery inoperative until such time as a valid certificate of fitness is issued.

24. Factories And Machinery (Persons-in-charge) Regulations, 1970
20.(1) an owner or occupier shall not require or permit any person to operate or to work on any machinery set out in the schedule to these regulations unless such person has had a course of instruction in the working of the machinery and for a period of not less than ten days thereafter is under the supervision and in the immediate company of an operator with not less than six months experience of the operation of such machinery.
schedule 9.
electric lift, crane, excavator, winch,
crab and any hoisting machine other
than a rope or chain block

25. SAFEGUARDING OF MACHINERY LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Factories And Machinery Act 1970 Section 15 Dangerous Parts Of Machinery
Every dangerous part of any machinery shall be securely fenced unless it is in such a position or of such construction as to be as safe to every person employed or working on or entering into the premises as it would be if securely fenced.
Provided that so far as the safety of a dangerous part of any machinery cannot by reason of the nature of the operation be secured by means of a fixed guard the requirements of this section shall be deemed to have been complied with if a device is provided which automatically prevents the operator from coming or being brought into contact with that part.

26. SAFEGUARDING OF MACHINERY LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
Factories And Machinery (Fencing Of Machinery And Safety) Regulations, 1970 First Schedule
1. General specification
(i) guards shall be so designed, constructed and used that they will -
(a) provide positive protection;
(b) prevent access to the danger zone during operation;
(c) cause the operator no discomfort or inconvenience;
(d) withstand long use with minimum maintenance;
(e) resist normal wear and shock;
(f) not constitute a hazard by themselves, that is to say without splinters, sharp corners, rough edges, and other sources of accidents
(ii) every guard shall be securely fastened to the machine or to the floor wall or ceiling and shall be kept in place whenever the machine is operating.

27. MAINTENANCE (DEFINITION)
MAINTENANCE - WORK CARRIED OUT IN ORDER TO KEEP OR RESTORE A FACILITY (WORKPLACE, BUILDING OR CONTENTS) TO AN ACCEPTABLE STANDARD
MAINTENANCE CAN REDUCE ACCIDENTS AND BREAKDOWNS
MAINTENANCE CAN PROLONG EQUIPMENT LIFE
SAFETY AND HEALTH OF MAINTENANCE WORKERS A BIGGER PROBLEM THAN ROUTINE TASKS

28. Types of Maintenance
a. PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE - ORDERLY, UNIFORM, CONTINUOUS AND SCHEDULED ACTION TO PREVENT BREAKDOWN
b. BREAKDOWN MAINTENANCE - WAIT UNTIL A PROBLEM OCCURS THEN FIX IT
c. IN-LINE MAINTENANCE
d. STATUTORY MAINTENANCE – Inspections at a regular intervals of 15 months as specified in F&M(Notification, CF & Inspection)Reg 1970 on (i) Steam boiler (ii) Unfired pressure vessel (iii) Internal combustion engine (iv) Lift (v) Escalator (vi) Hoist (vii) Crane (viii) Winch

29. FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (NOTIFICATION, CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS, AND INSPECTION) REGULATIONS, 1970
THE FOLLOWING ITEMS MUST BE INSPECTED AT 15 MONTHLY INTERVALS:
steam boiler
unfired pressure vessel
internal combustion engine
lift
hoist
crane

30. FACTORIES AND MACHINERY (FENCING OF MACHINERY AND SAFETY) REGULATIONS, 1970 HAS GUARD RAIL SPECIFICATIONS
* TIMBER
* METAL
* STRUCTURAL STEEL
These areas need fencing:
stairways
openings
fixed ladders
catwalks, runways, walkways
ramps