1. The Initiative for a United Nations Emergency Peace Service 2018-2021
UNEPS
“A proposal & global movement to address four (or more) big challenges ”

2. 1. Preventing armed conflict, genocide & crimes against humanity

3. 2. Protecting civilians at risk

4. 3. Prompt start-up of peace operations

5. 4. Addressing human needs in emergencies

6. One step to help: A United Nations Emergency Peace Service

7. What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service?
UNEPS
A permanent UN formation
A ‘first responder’ available immediately
Requires authorization by the UN Security Council
Multidimensional and multifunctional service
Military, police and civilian elements
Prepared for rapid deployment to diverse crisis
Pre-trained, well-equipped 14,400 personnel
Composition to be gender-equitable & regionally representative.

8. What is Proposed as a UN Emergency Peace Service? (Structure)
UNEPS
Co-located at a new UN base
Static operational headquarters
Two mobile field headquarters
Integrated, modular formation
Robust security
Civilian police
Skills and services to address human needs

9. Base Support & Infrastructure
SRSG
Office of
SRSG
Pers 3 MIL, 2 POL,
10 CIV.
-Senior MILAD,
POLAD & CIVAD
-Policy & Legal
EMC Liaison
Cell: DPA, DPKO, OCHA,UNHCR, Field Log & National Support
Annex A
Operational Level
UN Emergency Peace Service
Permanent Operational Level
Headquarters and Base
Personnel:
270 MIL
40 POL
1540 CIV
OPERATIONS
Pers 100 MIL Pers 25 POL Pers 25 CIV
-Contingency Contingency Contingency
Planning Planning Planning
-Operations Operations Operations
-Training Training Training
-Logistics Personnel Personnel
-Personnel Legal Advisors Advisors
[Joint 24/7 OPS Cell]
SUPPORT
Pers 50 MIL, 10 POL&CIV Pers 100 MIL, 1500CIV
-Contingency Move Administration
Planning Personnel
-Staging Housing
-Mission Support Finance
-Rotation/Augmentation Host Nation Support
Planning
-Airlift/Sealift Contracting
-Deployable Movement
Support Teams
Military
Staff
CIVPOL
Staff
Civilian
Staff
Deployment Cell
Base Support & Infrastructure
DEPLOYABLE ELEMENTS
TRAINING
Pers 5 MIL, 2 POL., 2 CIV Pers 10 MIL, 2 POL, 2 CIV Pers 4 MIL, 2 POL, 4 CIV
-Ongoing Development of Set & Assess Standards Long-Term Planning
Doctrine Course & Curricula Lessons Learned
-SOPS Development Multidisciplinary
-ROE Options Training & Exercises Think Tank
-Interoperability
Doctrine
Training Standards
Research &
Analysis
Military
Police
Civilian

10. Mission HQ Mission HQ (Tactical) (Tactical) Civilian Police Companies
Annex B. Composition of Deployable Elements for a UN Emergency Peace Service (assume 2 MHQ with 2 complete formations) (assigned to UN Base under a Static Operational HQ and 2 Missions HQs) Total Personnel in Each: MIL 5000, CIV 610, POL 400
MSN HQ Includes: Military, Police and Civilian Staff Political and Legal Advice Translation/Comms/Signals/Intell. Defense & Security Platoon NGO Liaison Team
Deputy/SRSG
Military&Police Commander
MIL-1 x 250 Pers
CIV-1 x 20 Pers
POL- 1 x 20 Pers
Mission HQ
(Tactical)
Mission HQ
(Tactical)
Technical Recce Unit
Technical Recce Unit
Civilian Police
Companies
Technical Recce Unit
Civilian Police
Companies
Technical Recce Unit
MIL- 4 x 50 Pers
Augmented by CIV
Civilian Police
Companies
POL- 3 x 125 Per
Light Armoured Recce Unit
Disaster Relief &
Humanitarian
Assistance Team
Light Armoured Recce Unit
Disaster Relief &
Humanitarian
Assistance Team
MIL- 2 x 150 Pers
CIV- 4 x 30 Per
Motorized Light Infantry Battalion
Human Rights
Monitors & Educators
Motorized Light Infantry Battalion
Human Rights
Monitors & Educators
MIL- 2 x 600 Pers
CIV- 2 x 10 Per
Amoured (Wheeled) Infantry Battalion
Amoured (Wheeled) Infantry Battalion
Conflict Resolution Teams
MIL- 2 x 600 Pers
Conflict Resolution & Mediation Teams
CIV – 4 x 10 Per
MIL-450 Pers
2 flights of 8 utility Helis
1 flight of 3 Heavy Lift Helis
2 flights of Armed Scout Helis
Notably, this is one of two nearly identical formations within the proposed service.
Peacebuilding & Quick Impact Teams
Helicopter Squardron
CIV- 4 x 40 Per
CIV- 2 X 20 Per
DDDRRR team
Engineer Battalion
MIL-500 Pers
-3 Field Squadrons
-3 Support Troops
Environmental Crisis Response Team
CIV- 10 Pers
Logistics Battalion
MIL- 1 x 500 Pers
Medical & Health Teams
CIV- 4 X 50 Per
MIL-400 Pers
-Forward Surgical Teams
Public Affairs
Medical Unit
CIV- 4 x 5 Per
Public Affairs

11. UNEPS Key Components A ‘UN 911, 999 or 112’ designed to be:
A complement to existing arrangements (UN, national, and regional)
A ‘lead service’ or ‘first-responder’
Deployable within 48 hrs, sustainable for 6 months
Competent in diverse emergencies
A cost-effective investment for ‘we the people’ and the international community

12. Criteria for Deployment (short list)
UNEPS
An emergency or complex emergency only;
Authorization from the UN Security Council;
A clear & viable mandate;
A reasonable expectation of success;
A high probability of augmentation, prompt arrangements for extraction after six months, with (or without) rotation & sufficient support.

13. Additional Criteria (for Deployment of UNEPS)
just cause;
right in­tention;
the means employed must be proportional to and consistent with the ends sought;
legitimate rapid responses and preventive deployments to address diverse emergencies.

14. A UNEPS is for emergencies only!
Definitions of an ‘emergency’:
“a serious situation that happens unexpectedly and demands immediate action.”
“a sudden, volatile crisis, with an urgent need for action or assistance.”
Definition of a “complex emergency”:
“A crisis typically characterized by: extensive violence and loss of life; massive displacements of people; widespread damage to societies and economies; the need for large-scale, multi-faceted humanitarian assistance; the hindrance or prevention of humanitarian assistance by political and military constraints; and, significant security risks for humanitarian relief workers in some areas.”

15. Recruitment & Personnel Selection
UNEPS
Merit and professionalism
Universal representation
Gender equitable representation
Not national/political affiliation
Contracted and assigned
Extensive preparation/training
Reliability, readiness, dedication
Flexibility in managing diverse assignments
Paid, full-time (UN Civil Servant)

16. Recruitment: Is This Really Credible or Any Improvement?
As noted in the 1995 Canadian report, Towards A Rapid Reaction Capability For The United Nations:
“As professional volunteers develop into a cohesive UN force, they can assume responsibility for some of the riskier operations mandated by the Council, but for which troop contributors have been hesitant to contribute.
UN volunteers offer the best prospect of a completely reliable, well-trained rapid reaction capability.
Without the need to consult national authorities, the UN could cut response time significantly, and volunteers could be deployed within hours of a Security Council decision…
No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”
... “No matter how difficult this goal now seems, it deserves continued study, with a clear process for assessing its feasibility over the long term.”

17. Process for Recruitment
UNEPS
Similar to all UN civil-servants;
Specific positions would be advertised world-wide;
Individuals submit an application, including a resume and credentials for specific skills, training and experience for employment within UNEPS;
A specific UN recruitment team would be developed to: review applications, verify qualifications, interview, screen, test and assess competence, as well as dedication prior to selecting any for employment in UNEPS.

18. Why this Model for UNEPS?
Alleviates pressure on national governments;
Builds on and beyond the existing UN foundation;
Universal composition to ensure universal legitimacy;
Advanced training, equipment and standards to ensure more legitimate and sophisticated services for diverse tasks;

19. Why this Model for UNEPS?
Corresponds to requirements of UN missions;
Provides useful incentives to address human needs;
Assures services to restore law and order;
Maintains robust disincentives to dissuade or deter and stem further violence;
Ensures a more rapid, reliable, sophisticated response when the need is imminent;

20. Why this Model for UNEPS?
Provides a dedicated, ‘lead service’; a ‘first responder’ for the critical, initial 6 months of demanding peace operations; (when governments can’t & won’t)
Functions until replacement/rotation needed and secured from multinational contingents;
Provides a modular formation that can be tailored;
Cost-effective and a sound investment for saving lives and money.

21. A UNEPS would be gender-equitable. Since U. N. Res
A UNEPS would be gender-equitable. Since U.N. Res. 1325, women have done peacekeeping as well, if not better. There are no decent excuses left…

22. Benefits of a gender-equitable UNEPS:
Raise Standards System-Wide;
Improve peacemaking and conflict resolution skills;
Reduce sexual abuse in UN peace operations;
Encourage other Member States (TCC & PCCs) to pursue gender-equity.
One study by the Carnegie commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict estimated that the International Community spent over $180 billion on seven conflicts during the nineties. They also estimated that 2/3rds of that amount -$120 billion -- might have been saved with a more preventative approach.
I’m also of the opinion that simply by having such a service, bad leaders might be deterred from bad behaviour.
Notably, the budget for UN pk will be approximately $7 billion this year.
There is now serious pressure to find a faster way into and out of operations.
Rapid deployment preferably with quicker exits.

23. Cost of a UNEPS:
UNEPS
Approximately $3 billion (USD) to develop and start-up, shared proportionately among Member States of the United Nations;
Annual recurring costs of $1.5 billion;
Deployment costs would vary and depend on the required urgency, size and length of a UN peace operation.

24. UNEPS would Help Reduce:
Number of armed conflicts and war crimes
Massive suffering and violent deaths
Size, duration and number of peacekeeping operations
Pressure on national governments and national armed forces to contribute in the high-risk, critical start-up phase of operations
High costs associated with violent conflict and post conflict reconstruction
One study by the Carnegie commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict estimated that the International Community spent over $180 billion on seven conflicts during the nineties. They also estimated that 2/3rds of that amount -$120 billion -- might have been saved with a more preventative approach.
I’m also of the opinion that simply by having such a service, bad leaders might be deterred from bad behaviour.
Notably, the budget for UN pk will be approximately $7 billion this year.
There is now serious pressure to find a faster way into and out of operations.
Rapid deployment preferably with quicker exits.

25. Applicability If available, where might it have helped?
UNEPS
Myanmar
Syria & Iraq
Libya & Yemen
Burundi & The Central African Republic
Darfur & South Sudan
Sierra Leone & Cote D’Ivoire
East Timor
The DRC
Rwanda & Srebrenica, etc.

26. Any wider potential? UNEPS
Possibly, an ‘over-the-horizon security guarantor’ to initiate a much-needed process that facilitates:
wider disarmament, even progress on the UN Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons;
sustainable development goals; and,
sustainable common security.
How?

27. Any Wider Potential? UNEPS Yes!
“There is an inseparable relationship between the scaling down of national armaments on the one hand and the building up of international peacekeeping machinery and institutions on the other. Nations are unlikely to shed their means of self-protection in the absence of alternative ways to safeguard their legitimate interests. This can only be achieved through the progressive strengthening of international institutions under the United Nations and by creating a United Nations Peace Force to enforce the peace as the disarmament process proceeds.”
U.S. State Department, "Freedom From War", 1961

28. Historical considerations (i.e., lessons learned)
UNEPS
Similar ideas tend to capture wider public interest and political support in the aftermath of bad wars, genocides or system shocks;
While former ideas for a UN ‘Standing Force’ or ‘UN Army’ remain unpopular in national capitals, a UN Emergency Peace Service has attracted wider support and political interest;
People support the idea of a ‘UN 911’, effectively a first responder for diverse complex emergencies. Thus, a UNEPS is an easier idea to advance world-wide.

29. Opposition to a UNEPS may be anticipated from:
the official preference for pragmatic, incremental reforms to existing arrangements (the tippy-toe approach);
national military establishments and the global military-industrial complex (e.g., the war system & those that benefit from it);
security gatekeepers in institutes, media and academe;
one funder in a private-public partnership with government that finances efforts to appropriate, disrupt and damage the UNEPS proposal.

30. UNEPS Potential Attract and mobilize people organizations governments
Support
partnerships
global network

31. Representatives of Diverse Sectors in North and South Agreed that the UNEPS’:
Concept is far more appealing
Case is more compelling
Model is more appropriate
Has more potential

32. A UNEPS is no longer ‘mission-impossible’, but feasible…
There are critical elections in two years and, familiarity and support is increasingly evident. In 2007, thirty members of Congress supported H-Res 213, “expressing the sense of the House of Representatives that a United Nations Emergency Peace Service capable of intervening in the early stages of a humanitarian crisis could save millions of lives, billions of dollars, and is in the interests of the United States.”

33. Anything new in 2018?
UNEPS
Explicit support for the development of UNEPS in the British Labour Party platform;
Progressive parties and several governments are now discussing the UNEPS option;
A higher priority within the United Nations on sustaining peace and preventing armed conflict;
More prominent endorsements (see list)

34. Anything else new in 2018? UNEPS
At the May conference, ‘How to Save the World in a Hurry’, which drew on six diverse sectors, the proposed UNEPS was unanimously supported, attracting the most votes overall;
At the Group of 78 disarmament conference, ‘Getting to Nuclear Zero…’ another twelve NGOs agreed to support the UNEPS option.

35. Objectives for
UNEPS
Be prepared for pivotal elections over the next three years, with:
Educational outreach to generate an informed constituency world-wide;
Development of a more formal network, with a working group & 4 UNEPS centre's for related work;
Raise sufficient support and financial resources to shift from a volunteer effort to a professional campaign.
Must focus on Civil society first
Educate, inform and mobilize
Gradually approach supportive states
Hopefully Encourage partnerships(Friends of UNEPS)
Shift in attitudes and priorities already apparent
Appropriate conditions may arise even next year
Historically, we do know that vaguely similar ideas only attract public and high-level political interest in the aftermath of bad wars and or genocides. Yes, that is regrettable.
Yet I believe this may be the first occasion when we have a decent idea and a constituency of support.
At least, we’ve tried to be better prepared.
And, together, we might make a key contribution to save future generations from genocide and from the scourge of war.

36. Objectives: UNEPS Research
There is a need for further work to develop:
a blueprint that identifies and elaborates upon the various requirements at the political, strategic, operational and tactical level;
detailed, independent estimates of the projected start-up costs, annual recurring costs and deployment costs of a UNEPS;
A plethora of publications for people and officials world-wide.

37. Pressing considerations:
UNEPS
The Global Peace Index reports the annual cost of war and armed conflict has reached $14.7 trillion (USD);
With overlapping crises and systemic challenges, the need for a UNEPS becomes more urgent and more evident.
Some leaders now call for higher military spending, patriotism, sovereignty and insist there will be no global governance;
Others are calling for a more just world, a rules-based system and a more effective United Nations, with global governance;
We are approaching a decisive tipping point. Progressive leaders will need viable, widely-appealing plans for military transformation and economic conversion. Be prepared!

38. A UNEPS is no panacea; just one step toward:
a United Nations that has a capacity to ‘save succeeding generations from the scourge of war’;
providing prompt help to those in need;
a global peace system; and,
sustainable common security.

39. Ideas don’t work unless we do
Ideas don’t work unless we do! Together, we might make a difference… Your Thoughts & Questions?

40. Credits Human Rights Watch Genocide Watch
Special thanks for permission to use photos is extended to:
The United Nations
Human Rights Watch
Genocide Watch
Presentation created by:
Dr. H. Peter Langille, Global Common Security i3
Robbyn Evans, rae Communications.com
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