1. SCM-06: Update on
Inter-calibration of imager observations from time-series of geostationary satellites (IOGEO)
4 and 8 March 2019, Frascati, Italy
Rob Roebeling (EUM) on behalf of the project participants

2. Project purpose at start Phase II

3. SCM-06 IOGEO* Towards a GEO ring
Fundamental Climate Data Record (FCDR)
of inter-calibrated
Infrared, Water vapour and Visible radiances
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (Rob Roebeling, Tim Hewison)
Japanese Meteorological Agency (Masaya Takahashi)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Kenneth Knapp, Anand Inamdar)
Deutscher Wetterdienst (Marc Schroeder)
China Meteorological Administration (Peng Zhang, Xiuqing Hu)
Indian Meteorological Department (A.K. Sharma, Ashim Mitra)
Korea Meteorological Administration (Dohyeong Kim, Hyesook Lee)
*Inter-calibration of imager observations from time-series of geostationary satellites (IOGEO)
Proposed Outline:
1. Review of project purpose at the Phase II start 
    a) what was the state of the community/science/CDR at the start?
    b) what was desired SCOPE-CM role and purpose for collaborating?
    c) what was the initial maturity (from matrix) of the project?
2. Key findings, advances and developments in Phase II
    a) maturity upgrades
    b) CDR data and science improvements
    c) process and production improvements
3. Summary of project state at end of Phase II
    a) metrics and milestones attained (e.g., period of record, geographic coverage, data sources, 
        data volumes and archiving, distribution and users, validation, publications)
    b) maturity level (compared to start) and readiness for sustained production (or not)
    c) state of CDR ownership and/or member coalition - can team continue forward?
    d) state of user community -- applications and communities requesting this CDR
        -- to which community is the project most aligned and responsive to? (e.g., models/Obs4MIPS, GFCS)
4. Difficulties, challenges and uncertainties 
    a) scientific/technical, financial, personnel, schedule, compute, data access/distribution, political, etc.
5. Next steps for project (over 1-3 years)
    a) please include proposed collaboration/relationship with designated user community
6. Desired role and relationship with SCOPE-CM in Phase III (given SCM to focus more on
   coordination, sustainment, agreements and gap-filling going forward in coordination with WGClimate),
   suggested role for SCOPE-CM with regard to existing or new projects still in development (vs. production). 3

4. SCM-06 IOGEO - Introduction
Objective:
Re-calibrate and Inter-calibrate Meteosat First Generation (MFG) and Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) IR, WV, and VIS radiances from 1982 till date.
Project Activities:
to share common re-calibration methods between the participating agencies;
to re-calibrate geostationary data from all heritage instruments;
to compare re-calibrated geostationary data in overlap regions;
to prepare an FCDR of re-gridded radiances normalized to a reference instrument;
We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan.
However, we are only at the beginning.
Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF
Infrastructure Elements:
Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing;
Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools;
Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution.
Sensor Intercalibration
Level 2 and Level 3 data Records
CDR Quality Assessment
Interoperability of CDRs.
Benefits of common actions for international activities would be:
GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate;
SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs;
The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM;
International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors;
NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate;
NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 4

5. Key findings, advances and developments
Phase II
Key findings, advances and developments

6. Method sharing & Reprocessing of geostationary data
Status on:
Method sharing & Reprocessing of geostationary data
During phase-II three new partners joint IOGEO, i.e.: CMA, IMD, and KMA.
[IR and WV calibration] JMA, EUMETSAT, CMA, and NOAA use similar re-calibration methods for their heritage geostationary IR/WV channels, taking infrared sounder (HIRS/2/AIRS/IASI) observations as reference;
[IR and WV calibration] IMD and KMA are planning to adopt HIRS based re-calibration methods as well;
[IR and WV calibration] EUMETSAT and JMA generated, in close collaboration, a 30 years+ FCDRs for their heritage IR/WV channels;
[VIS calibration] NOAA uses MODIS observations as a reference for the re-calibration of the their geostationary VIS channel;
[VIS calibration] EUMETSAT uses vicarious calibration techniques to reconstruct the spectral response and to re-calibrate VIS channel on Meteosat First Generation (MFG) satellites;
[VIS calibration] EUMETSAT generated a 30 years+ FCDR for their VIS channel.

7. Homogenized time-series of EUMETSAT and JMA IR and WV channels
MFG Series Radiances- homogenized to the 11 micron channel of Meteosat-5
MFG Series Radiances- homogenized to the 6 micron channel of Meteosat-5
JMA Series Radiances- homogenized to 11 micron channel of MTSAT-2
JMA Series Radiances- homogenized to 7 micron channel of MTSAT-2
Figure: Time-series of EUMETSAT (MFG) and JMA (GMS, GOES-9, MTSAT) homogenised IR and WV FCDRs

8. Homogenized time-series of EUMETSAT VIS channel
Figure: Time-series of EUMETSAT (MFG) homogenised VIS FCDR over an Algerian, Nile, and Ocean target

9. Joint IOGEO and GSICS inter-comparison of harmonised (re-calibrated) WV, IR (and VIS) radiances 9

10. IOGEO and GSICS inter-comparison
GSICS and IOGEO partners initiated a joint study to compare to compare harmonized (or re-calibrated) radiances from the water vapor (WV), infrared (IR), (and visible (VIS)) channels on heritage geostationary satellites.
A common repository (FTP site) has been set-up where GSICS and IOGEO partners uploaded their recalibrated data for two test days.
Under the lead of GSICS, GSICS and IOGEO are now searching for resources for doing the inter-comparison work, including:
To inter-compare re-calibrated data in overlapping regions;
To compare re-calibrated data against IASI observations;
To compare re-calibrated data against simulated radiances from ECMWF.
We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan.
However, we are only at the beginning.
Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF
Infrastructure Elements:
Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing;
Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools;
Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution.
Sensor Intercalibration
Level 2 and Level 3 data Records
CDR Quality Assessment
Interoperability of CDRs.
Benefits of common actions for international activities would be:
GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate;
SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs;
The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM;
International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors;
NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate;
NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 10

11. IOGEO and GSICS inter-comparison – Status Data Uploads
00z
03z
06z
09z
12z
15z
18z
21z
24z 21
GOES-15
135°W 
GOES-13
75°W
Met-10
0°E
Met-7
57°E
Kalpana
82°E 
FY-2D
123°E 
FY-2G
105°E
FY-2F
112°E
COMS-1
128°E
Himawari
145°E
 : Ready and uploaded to the common FTP site
 : Ready but not yet uploaded to the common FTP site
 : Not ready
 : Current status needs to be checked

12. Project status at end phase II Lessons learnt Potential for future activities
We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan.
However, we are only at the beginning.
Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF
Infrastructure Elements:
Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing;
Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools;
Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution.
Sensor Intercalibration
Level 2 and Level 3 data Records
CDR Quality Assessment
Interoperability of CDRs.
Benefits of common actions for international activities would be:
GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate;
SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs;
The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM;
International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors;
NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate;
NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 12

13. Project Status at end of Phase-II
EUMETSAT produced FCDR of MVIRI and SEVIRI recalibrated radiances for the IR and WV channels covering the period 1982 – 2017, using HIRS/2, IASI and AIRS observations as a reference (common recalibration method developed at EUMETSAT).
EUMETSAT and JMA produced FCDR of GMS/GOES/MTSAT recalibrated radiances for the IR and WV channels covering the period , using EUMETSATs recalibration method.
EUMETSAT produced FCDR of MVIRI recalibrated radiances for the VIS channel covering the period 1982 – 2017, using reconstructed spectral response functions from the FIDUCEO project.
Prepared common repository for joint GSICS and IOGEO comparison of recalibrated VIS/IR/WV radiances.
We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan.
However, we are only at the beginning.
Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF
Infrastructure Elements:
Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing;
Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools;
Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution.
Sensor Intercalibration
Level 2 and Level 3 data Records
CDR Quality Assessment
Interoperability of CDRs.
Benefits of common actions for international activities would be:
GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate;
SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs;
The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM;
International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors;
NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate;
NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 13

14. Lessons Learnt
Individual space agencies did much work to improve their sensor calibration;
Great progress made on using one method on another agencies data (e.g. EUMETSAT’s for JMA satellites);
JMA Visiting Scientist at EUMETSAT help working towards using a common calibration method;
Future challenge is to intensify the collaboration between space agencies and work towards a joint geo-ring FCDR that provides data with the same technical specifications (format,metadata) and similar scientific methods.
We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan.
However, we are only at the beginning.
Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF
Infrastructure Elements:
Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing;
Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools;
Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution.
Sensor Intercalibration
Level 2 and Level 3 data Records
CDR Quality Assessment
Interoperability of CDRs.
Benefits of common actions for international activities would be:
GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate;
SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs;
The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM;
International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors;
NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate;
NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 14

15. Next steps
SCOPE-CM Phase II has come to an end. However, the work towards an FCDR of harmonized and homogenized geostationary satellite radiances will continue. It is being discussed in what form this will be (ISCCP, WG-Climate, CEOS,..).
[short term need] To seek for support to perform the GSICS to IOGEO comparison;
[short term need] To continue collaborative activities between space agencies (e.g. through longer-term visiting scientist as done by JMA and EUMETSAT) to accomplishing recalibration of CMA, KMA, and NOAA geostationary satellites;
[long term need] To generation of a combined product of gridded inter-calibrated radiances that is based on re-calibrated radiances from as many geostationary satellite data as possible.
We started to explore a closer partnership on climate with NOAA aiming at the development of a joint action plan.
However, we are only at the beginning.
Systematic activities: NOAA CDR Program –SAF Network and CAF
Infrastructure Elements:
Analyse reprocessing environments, develop common requirements baseline for reprocessing and search for optimisation of processing;
Increase commonalities on data archiving, data distribution and data post-processing such as, level-3 on demand, sub-setting in time and space, selection of parameters, etc. – develop and share tools;
Analyse potential for further increase of stewardship level by exchanging raw and derived records to have a third copy; also enables improved distribution.
Sensor Intercalibration
Level 2 and Level 3 data Records
CDR Quality Assessment
Interoperability of CDRs.
Benefits of common actions for international activities would be:
GSICS would fulfil the implementation plan items on climate;
SCOPE-CM could be further developed by becoming the international dominant producer of FCDRs;
The latter also strengthens the link between GSICS and SCOPE-CM;
International reanalysis activities will get a one stop shop for FCDRs from operational sensors;
NOAA/EUM can develop a common approach to answer requests from the CEOS WG Climate;
NOAA/EUM activities in GSICS and SCOPE-CM may appear as “the” science support with high visibility in the new WCRP-WDAC and the WCRP-JSC. 15

16. Thank You