1. COLD WAR

2. Origins of the Cold War 1917 Russian Revolution 1919 Red Scare
Distrustful Allies
1946 Russian Domination of Eastern Europe
Satellite State
Warsaw Pact
Iron Curtain

3. Initial U.S. Response Containment Truman Doctrine 1946
U.S. policy designed to limit the expansion of USSR expansionism and the spread of communism
Truman Doctrine 1946
President Truman’s economic and military initiative to protect Greece and Turkey from totalitarian rule and communism
Marshal Plan (George Marshall) 1947
U.S. plan to provided economic aid to European countries suffering after World War II. Goal was to prevent the countries from choosing communism.

4. Situation Heats Up Berlin Airlift 1948
Creation of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) in 1949
USSR tests atomic weapon in 1949 – arms race begins
Communist Revolution in China birth of People’s Republic of China
China and Russia create an alliance

5. Korean War Korea had been liberated from Japan during WWII.
The USSR temporarily controlled the north and the U.S. the south – divided along the 38th parallel
1950 Communist North Korean forces attacked South Korea
U.N. sent in a U.S. dominated force that pushed the North Koreans all the way back to the Chinese border (led by Douglas MacArthur)
China warned it wouldn’t tolerate hostile forces near its border – MacArthur ignored warning.
China struck, pushing U.N. forces all the way back to the 38th parallel
MacArthur wanted to bomb China – Truman said shut up, MacArthur kept talking, got fired
Peace talks began in 1951
Armistice in 1953
Communism was contained in Korea

6. Second Red Scare Loyalty Review Board
Smith Act and McCarran Internal Security Act
House Un-American Activities Committee
Alger Hiss and Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Joseph McCarthy
Went after “Communists”
Working class supported him because most of his “victims” were wealthy
Strong popular support cowered his Republican and Democratic critics – Republicans also didn’t mind that he was hurting Democrats
Public got a taste of his work when he went after the army in televised hearings
His bluff was called and support declined when people saw him in action.
He was censured by the Senate

7. Cuban Revolution
Fidel Castro defeated the Cuban dictator in a coup during 1959
Because Castro nationalized industries (American) and created a Communist government, the U.S. is alarmed.
Eisenhower cut off trade with Cuba.
In 1961, President Kennedy gave the CIA the authority to attempt a coup against Castro with Cuban exiles.
Invaded at the Bay of Pigs
The forces had to surrender, there was no uprising.
Cuban Missile Crisis October 1962
U.S. learned that USSR was building missile silos in Cuba
President Kennedy ordered a blockade of Cuba
Secretary Khrushchev challenged the U.S. blockade, but eventually backed down
Considered to be the closest the U.S. and USSR came to war

8. Vietnam War
France tried to regain Vietnam after the Japanese took it during WWII
Vietnam not having it – fought back and France was forced to give it up in 1954
Vietnam was divided between governments controlling the north (Ho Chi Minh) and south
The U.S. provided financial support the South (Ngo Dinh Diem) Vietnamese government
Domino Theory

9. Vietnam War
Kennedy sent military advisors into Vietnam (16000 by 1963)
President Johnson used Gulf of Tonkin incident as a reason to get Congress to escalate U.S. action
April, 1965 U.S. combat troops in Vietnam
Strong support and criticism of U.S. military action in Vietnam – created credibility gap between government and citizens
Tet Offensive 1968 – North Vietnamese attacked U.S. forces. The U.S. fought back and handed a major defeat to the Vietcong – but the devastation was viewed by millions on television – public opinion turned against the war
May, 1968 – peace talks under way in Paris and U.S. escalation is over, but the war goes on
Nixon’s Vietnamization
U.S. invaded Cambodia in 1970 – major protests (Kent State)
Massacre at My Lai
Armistice – Paris Accords January, U.S. leaves Vietnam
58,000 dead and $118 billion spent

10. Space Race
Soviet Union was the first country to launch a satellite into orbit
Sputnik was launched in 1957 while the American space program experienced failures
U.S. responded by increase funds for science and math education and the creation of NASA

11. Cold War 1970s-1989 Nixon and China Arms Control Ronald Reagan
Soviet Union “evil empire”
Military and arms buildup
Support for Latin American dictators fighting communist (leftist) groups
Overthrow of Communist regimes (Nicaragua and Grenada)
Iran-contra Affair
Gorbachev and Reagan
Soviet reforms
Arms reduction
Afghanistan

12. End of Cold War George H. W. Bush diplomat and president
Gorbachev ends support of Communist governments
Gorbachev and Bush sign arms reduction treaties
Revolutions throughout eastern Europe ( )
Soviet republics declare independence
Failed communist coup gives death blow to USSR
Russia Republic with its president ,Boris Yeltsin, becomes dominant state

13. Review
What event brought the U.S. and USSR closest to war?
The Marshall Plan provided ___ to European countries.
___ worked to contain the spread of communism in Latin America.
During __ the U.S. was successful in containing the spread of communism in East Asia.
Military alliances created during the Cold War included the USSR’s ___ and the U.S.’s ____.
The reforms of ___ during the late 1980s were one of the factors leading to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
Military response to the ___ was successful, however, American public opinion turned against the Vietnam War.
President Kennedy authorized an invasion of Cuba at ____.
The launching of __ frighten Americans and gave the USSR temporary supremacy in space.
The 1950s Red Scare was used by ___ to his and the Republican Party’s advantage.