1. Micro-propagation
Tissue Culture

2. Micro-propagation Ability to establish and maintain
Plant organs & Plant tissues
Done in aseptic culture
Regenerate new plants

3. Micro-propagation (Tissue Culture)
This is a technique of producing new plant from single cells, tissue, or small pieces of vegetative material (explants).
The tissue obtained (mature or immature) is cultured in an artificial medium under sterile condition (invitro).

4. Stages
First changes into a mass of undifferentiated cells called callus
From the callus differentiation into shoot and roots or embryos may later occur.
The technique can be used in both herbaceous and woody plants.

5. Basic Techniques
Callus culture – mass of undifferentiated cells that can be induced or arise naturally as a result of wounding and growth substances
Organ culture – the dedifferentiation of the parenchyma cells to produce centers of meristematic activity.
Cell suspension culture – the disassociation of cells from each other on a liquid medium .

6. Facilities Required Preparation Area Transfer Area Growing Area
Service Area

7. Methods involved Choosing a suitable explants
Surface sterilization of the plant material
Preparation of the stock solution –salts, growth regulators etc.
Culturing
Sub-culturing
Removing plants from culture and place into suitable rooting medium

8. Developmental stages in micropropagation
Stage I - Establishment
Stage II – Multiplication
Stage III – Root Formation
Stage IV - Acclimatization

10. Flow Diagram

11. Advantages of Plant Tissue Culture
Useful for rapid asexual multiplication of plants eg. Dracenas, carnations, orchids, ferns etc.
Produce large quantities of a given variety/clone
Produce plants which are slow and difficult to propagate
Produce the ability to recover disease free material eg. From viruses.

12. Disadvantages Is costly
Time consuming and difficult compared to other methods of plant propagation
Require technical expertise or trained individual

13. Simple Micropropagation

14. Callus - dedifferentiate

15. Differentiation of callus tissue

16. Tissues on growth medium

17. Meristematic dome of a Plant

18. Important Terminologies
Callus – an unorganized, proliferating mass of mostly undifferentiated cells
Culture- a plant growing invitro
Cell culture – culture of single cells
Explant – part of a plant used to start a
culture.
Clones – plants produced asexually from a
single plant.

19. Terminologies
Growth regulator – organic compounds that influence growth and multiplication, such as cytokinins and auxins
Invitro
Exvitro
Invivo
Laminar air flow
HEPA
Growth room

20. Class Assignment
List and explain the use of nine (9) equipment used in Tissue Culture.
In order to develop a viable Tissue Culture unit which is successful. Four areas are required, name then and explain what happens in each area.

21. References
Acquaah, G. (2009). Horticulture: principles and practices 4th ed.

22. THE END
Courtesy:M.Gager, CASE