1. GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE RISKS
AND DTM:
WHAT SHOULD DTM ENUMERATORS KNOW?
COUNTRY/LOCATION
DATES
Background: GBViE, Call to Action, IOM supported since 2014 to mainstream GBV in several sectors of assistance, including CCCM, shelter and DTM. Objective: Doing better a protection women and girls in emergencies. Global cooperation with the GBV AoR.

2. Part 1
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

3. Learning objectives Be able to differentiate between Sex and Gender
Define GBV
Identify forms of GBV, root causes, contributing factors and consequences of GBV
Understand how emergencies can exacerbate GBV risks
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

4. Activity Divide into 2 groups In a flip chart
Group one: Identify personality traits, attributes, and roles that are often associated with women.
Group two: Identify personality traits, attributes, and roles that are often associated with men
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

5. Sex vs. Gender Sex Gender
Physical/ biological differences between females and males
Social differences between males and females
Determined by biology
Determined by social factors – history, culture, tradition, societal norms, religion
Does not change (without surgical intervention)
Involves the socialization for boys and girls, and men and women and can change over time.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

6. “GBV = rape, right?” Rape is a form of GBV but so are:
• Sexual violence that does not end up in rape
Domestic violence/Intimate Partner Violence
• Harmful traditional practices
• Forced/early/child marriage
• Denial of resources or opportunities
• Sexual harassment
• Sexual exploitation
• Sex-selective abortion
• Some forms of trafficking
• etc….
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

7. Gender-Based Violence (GBV)
Gender-based Violence (GBV) is an umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person’s will and that is based on socially ascribed (i.e. gender) differences between males and females. It includes acts that inflict physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and other deprivations of liberty. These acts can occur in public or in private.
Further información: ALNAP Protección Guide
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

8. Understanding GBV- Exercise
In small groups, identify:
Root causes for GBV
Specific risk factors for GBV in your context?
- What increases the likelihood of GBV occurring?
Consequences of different forms of GBV?
- Physical, social, economic, psychological?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

9. Root causes and contributing factors
Consequences of GBV
Forms of GBV
Root causes and contributing factors
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

10. Root causes and contributing factors of GBV
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

11. Consequences of GBV
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

12. Why does GBV occur in emergencies?
Pre-existing - exists independent of, or prior to emergency or conflict
Emergency-related - specific to/resulting from the disaster or conflict
Humanitarian-related - caused directly or indirectly by humanitarian environment
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

13. How is GBV exacerbated in emergencies?
New threats/forms of GBV related to conflict
Lack of privacy; overcrowding; lack of safe access to basic needs
Design of humanitarian aid heightens or introduces new GBV risks
Separation from family members; lack of documentation; registration discrimination
Breakdown of protective social mechanisms and norms regulating behaviour
Increased vulnerability and dependence; exploitation
Introduction of new power dynamics, as with humanitarian actors
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

14. Can GBV happen to men and boys?
Gendered vulnerabilities can put ANYONE - men, women, boys and girls - at heightened risk for violence but not all violence is gender-based.
In those cases where men and boys are exposed to GBV humanitarians must ensure care and support for all survivors.
The contexts, causes, and consequences of violence against women and girls/men and boys are different. Risk analyses that take gender into account are critical to inform programming.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

15. Summary of GBV – Part 1
GBV is rooted in gender and power inequalities that exist outside of conflict or disaster but that can be exacerbated by it.
Additionally, there are particular ways that GBV can manifest in an emergency context.
Always assume that GBV is occurring.
Obtaining prevalence data or “evidence” is NOT advisable and NOT our role in an emergency.
Because of under-reporting and the risks associated with obtaining data, the priority is to establish prevention, mitigation and response measures as soon as possible.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

16. Part 2
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

17. Learning objectives
Understand the role of non-GBV specialists in GBV prevention, mitigation and response
Learn how to mainstream GBV in the DTM
Become familiar with GBV related indicators and their definitions
Know how to safely and ethically respond to a GBV disclosure and become familiar with the referral mechanisms
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

18. Roles and responsibilities towards GBV
SPECIALIZED PROGRAMMING: specialists
Direct service delivery
Case management
GBV specialized psychosocial support
Clinical care
Legal support
Economic reintegration
GBV “MAINSTREAMING” all actors
Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV
Reduce existing risks
Understand and link to referral mechanisms for GBV survivors
Applying core minimum standards into agency activities
How to mainstream GBV in the DTM?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

19. What a DTM enumerator should do to mainstream GBV
Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV.
Identifying risk factors and trends (through indicators provided).
Inform yourself about services available and on what you should you come across a GBV survivor, know the referral mechanisms in place and comply with standards set in guidelines.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

20. 1/ Avoid creating or exacerbating risks of GBV
IOM Standards of Conduct
Prevention of Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (PSEA) by aid workers
Do no harm
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

21. 2/ Identifying risk factors and trends through the indicators provided
Before starting: methodologies
Choice of key informants
Focus group discussions
Importance of gender-balanced teams
Importance of choosing the place and the time for DTM assessments
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

22. The importance of SADD
Sex and Age Disaggregated Data (SADD) are important for all responders, including GBV actors
Why collecting SADD? What can SADD tell us? Why SADD are important for humanitarian actors including GBV specialists?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

23. Indicators and definitions The cards’ game
Divide into 4 groups
Match the term/word with the correct definition
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

24. Indicators and definitions The Site Assessment form
With your neighbour:
Go through the site assessment form
Identify all the indicators in the form that could help specialized actors to identify risks of GBV
Debriefing will take place in plenary
For registration or FM, why there is no category for survivors of GBV? Remember, we should never look for individual cases, the DTM collects information about trends, risks and gaps. As non-specialized actors and without specific adapted methodologies, we should not be looking for # of GBV survivors. Should a GBV survivor disclose an incident during a registration process, he or she may be registered under the category «special protection needs».
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

25. 3/ Responding to a GBV disclosure as a non-GBV specialist
DTM enumerators should not look for individual incidents or number of GBV cases
However, in some cases it may happen that a GBV incident is disclosed to you
Anyone the survivor tells about his/her experience has a responsibility to give honest and complete information about services available.
How to respectfully and supportively engage with survivors and provide referral information in an ethical, safe and confidential manner?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

26. The survivor-centered approach
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

27. A Survivor-Centered response
Key Principles:
Safety, Confidentiality, Non-discrimination, Respect
The survivor should tell the story once, hopefully to a specialist
DO NO HARM
Informed consent
Access to specialized services
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

28. What are referrals?
The processes by which a survivor gets in touch with professionals and/or institutions regarding his/her case
AND
The processes by which different professional sectors communicate and work together, in a safe, ethical and confidential manner, to provide the survivor with comprehensive support
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

29. What is a «referral pathway»?
A flexible mechanism that safely links survivors to supportive and competent services
Can include any or all of the following: Health, Psychosocial, Security and Protection, Legal/Justice, and/or Economic Reintegration support
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

30. Example of referral pathways
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

31. In your mission/duty station:
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

32. Part 3
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

33. Scenario What should you do?...
You are a DTM enumerator. You are visiting an IDP site. While you are there a little girl runs over to you and tells you that her mother has been attacked earlier that morning. She takes you to see the woman who seems highly distressed.
What should you do?...
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

34. Ask if the woman is hurt?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

35. Checking if a survivor has any immediate medical needs is a first step in response.
Listen to their needs: e.g. “You seem to be in a lot of pain right now, would you like to go to the health clinic? We can continue talking afterwards.”
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

36. Ask for details of what happened?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

37. The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services.
Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

38. Ask who is responsible for attacking her?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

39. The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services.
Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

40. Ask survivor for details of when and where it happened.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

41. The details of what happened and by whom are not important or relevant to your role in listening and providing information on available services.
Without proper training to interview survivors of rights abuses, staff should never attempt to interview or gain further information about an incident.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

42. Ask what specific help/assistance she needs.
Ask if she is happy for you to contact someone to get support or help.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

43. Trying to help a survivor access appropriate services (medical; counseling; legal) is an important step.
Staff should be provided with a list of services that can be referred to in the area they are working.
Communicate detailed information about the available resource/service including how to access it, relevant times and locations, focal points at the service etc..
You must ask the survivor for informed consent before contacting any service providers.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

44. Give the person contact information for health, counseling or other relevant services.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

45. If the survivor is not comfortable with you contacting service providers on their behalf you can provide them with contact information of service providers that may be able to help them.
DO ask if there is someone, a friend, family member, caregiver or anyone else, that they trust that they can go to for support.
DO offer your phone or communication device, if you feel safe doing so, to the survivor to contact someone they trust.
Do not share information about the survivor or their experience to anyone without explicit and informed consent of the survivor. Do not record details of the incident or personal identifiers of the survivor.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

46. Don’t say anything at the time, but later call the police from somewhere private and safe.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

47. You should not call the police on behalf of the survivor unless they have requested that you do so and have provided informed consent.
DO NOT share the details of the incident and personal identifiers of the survivor with anyone. This includes the survivor’s family members, police/security forces, community leaders, colleagues, supervisors, etc. Sharing this information can lead to more harm for the survivor.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

48. Write the details of the case on the DTM form
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

49. You should NEVER write the details of an individual incident in the DTM form.
DO NOT write anything down, take photos of the survivor, record the conversation on your phone or other device, or inform others including the media.
WHY?
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

50. Report the incident to your manager / Protection staff member and ask for advice
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

51. Without sharing any details you can share with your manager or with a GBV/protection specialist that you encountered a disclosure. Especially, if you require further support on the appropriate way to respond.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

52. Do nothing if it is a domestic violence or family/community matter.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

53. Ignoring domestic violence is not acceptable.
Domestic violence is a serious offence in most countries. You should provide the same support to a survivor of domestic violence as any other human rights violation.
Ignoring domestic violence is not acceptable.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

54. Check safety: your safety, the safety of other staff members and the safety of the affected person and the community.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

55. Before taking any action you should check that you, other staff, the survivor and the other community members are safe.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM

56. Key messages
Do no harm, safety and dignity should always be central to agency responses to allegations or incidents of abuse
DO NOT offer your own advice or opinion on the best course of action or what to do next.
DO NOT assume you know what someone wants or needs. Some actions may put someone at further risk of stigma, retaliation, or harm.
Remember that your role is to provide a listening ear and to share accurate, up-to-date information on available services and let the survivor make their own choices on what feels safe for them. Seeking services is not always safe for a survivor and could lead to more harm.
Always ensure your safety, the safety of your staff and of the survivor and her/his community
Agencies should have clear self-referral pathways and contact details for specialist medical, legal, psychosocial and protection services, ensuring this information is regularly updated and available to all staff.
GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND DTM