1. Human infants’ ability to perceive touch in external space develops postnatally 
Jannath Begum Ali, Charles Spence, Andrew J. Bremner 
Current Biology 
Volume 25, Issue 20, Pages R978-R979 (October 2015)
DOI: /j.cub
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2. Figure 1
Probing infants’ spatial representations of touch by crossing the legs.
(A) An infant participant in the uncrossed and crossed feet postures, viewed from above. The tactors, which were attached to the infants’ feet using a cohesive bandage, were controlled remotely. The experimenter held the infant’s feet in the assigned posture during tactile stimulation. (B) Mean proportion of correct first unilateral foot movements to vibrotactile stimuli. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean. An ANOVA revealed main effects of Posture, F(1,28) = 7.0, p = 0.013, ηp2 = 0.2 (uncrossed: M = 0.7, SD = 0.13; crossed: M = 0.62, SD = 0.19), and Age, F(1,28) = 4.3, p = 0.048, ηp2 = 0.13 (four-month-olds: M = 0.7, SD = 0.12; six-month-olds: M = 0.61, SD = 0.12), and a Posture x Age interaction, F(1,28) = 4.4, p = 0.046, ηp2 = The post-hoc comparisons described in the main text (α was p = ) revealed that the six-month-olds were more accurate at localising in the uncrossed than in the crossed condition, t(12) = 3.3, p = 0.007, dz = 1.21, whereas the four-month-olds performed equivalently across conditions, t(16) = 0.4, p = 0.690, dz = There was no difference between ages with uncrossed feet, t(28) = 0.4, p = 0.730, d = However, the four-month-olds outperformed the six-month-olds with crossed feet, t(28) = 3.0, p = 0.006, d = One-sample t-tests (two-tailed) revealed that the four-month-olds performed reliably above chance (0.5) with both uncrossed, t(16) = 4.5, p < 0.001, d = 2.23, and crossed feet, t(16) = 5.8, p < 0.001, d = The six-month-olds only performed above chance with their feet in the uncrossed posture, t(12) = 6.7, p < 0.001, d = 3.86 (crossed: t(28) = 0.4, p = 0.5, d = 0.24). Significant comparisons are indicated (∗ = p < 0.05, ∗∗ = p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ = p < 0.001).
Current Biology  , R978-R979DOI: ( /j.cub )
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