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Fundamental concepts of metals science
Properties of metals Metallic crystal structures What is crystalline lattice? Atomic bonding in solids Lattice parameters Crystal systems Polymorphism of metals Anisotropy Imperfections in solids
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Imperfections in solids
Idealized solid and real crystalline solids What are imperfections in crystal structures? Classification of crystalline defects Point defects Linear defects Interfacial defects Volume imperfections Imperfections and strength of crystalline solids
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Classification of imperfections in solids
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Point defects Self-interstitial
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Point defects
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Linear defects Edge dislocation
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Linear defects Screw dislocation
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Linear defects Mixed dislocation
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Linear defects Dislocations in a titanium alloy (transmission
electron micrograph, 51,450 x)
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Linear defects Strength depends on the dislocation density:
1 – idealized crystal, 2 – single crystals, 3 – annealed metals (polycrystalline solids), 4 – hardened metals
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Interfacial defects Grain boundaries
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Grain boundary acts as a barrier to dislocation motion
Interfacial defects Grain boundary acts as a barrier to dislocation motion
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Grain boundaries in iron are made visible by etching
Interfacial defects Grain boundaries in iron are made visible by etching
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Nonmetallic inclusions
Volume, or bulk defects Nonmetallic inclusions
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Nonmetallic inclusions
Volume, or bulk defects Nonmetallic inclusions
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Nonmetallic inclusions are the sites of crack formation
Volume, or bulk defects Nonmetallic inclusions are the sites of crack formation
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