1. Test 3 Flash Cards

2. Characteristics of Staphylococci Family
Gram positive, cocci
Clusters
Pyogenic
Agglutination, coagulase, hemolysis patterns for identification

3. Staphylococcus aureus
Agglutination (clumping)
Antigen: Protein A
Coagulase positive (fibrin clotting). Definitive test. Allows it to hide in weak areas of the body until person’s immune system is weakened. It will then re-bloom.
Beta hemolysis
HA-MRSA (MRSA implied hospital acquired)
CA-MRSA

4. Staphylococcus epidermidis
No agglutination
Coagulase negative
Alpha hemolysis
Normal flora on skin
Pathogenic when inside body.

5. Staphylococcus saphrophyticus
No agglutination
Coagulase negative
Cause UTIs

6. Characteristics of Streptococci FAMILY
Gram positive, cocci
chains
Pyogenic
Hemolysis patterns and Lancefield groupings for identification
Certain members are sensitive to specific antibiotics.

7. Streptococcus pyogenes
Lancefield Group A
Beta hemolysis
Sensitive to A disc test (Bacitracin antibiotic)
Agglutination to “Antigen A” (not the same protein A in staph aureus)
Causes Strep throat – red spots with white spots
Causes 25% of upper respiratory infections
Contains a type flesh-eating bacteria
pyogenic

8. Streptococcus agalactieae
Lancefield group B
Beta hemolysis
Common in 3rd trimester pregnant women, tested for and treated to avoid newborn meningitis
Semmelweiss and handwashing

9. Enterococcus faecalis & E. Faecium
Lancefield Group D
Alpha hemolysis (usually)
Superbug VRE (Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus)
Healthy people do not get VRE
Common in hospital, and rehabilitation centers
Love to pass their plasmids!
Member of the FAMILY Streptococci, even though genus is enterococcus

10. Antibiotic resistant Tuberculosis
TB can require 6 months of treatment.
Some TB cases are resistant to all antibiotics, leaving no treatment options
FRONTLINE- TB: The Silent Killer

11. HA-MRSA Hospital Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus
Resistant to all –illin drugs
Nosocomial
Infection is in surgical wound, blood stream or pneumonia in lungs
Infection is INSIDE the body

12. CA-MRSA Community Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staph Aureus
Found where sweaty people are close together: prisons, military barracks, locker room, and daycares
Skin infection, like a boil.
If medicine doesn’t work, the infection can be cut away.
GENETICALLY different than HA-MRSA

13. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Lancefied- non grouped
Capsule with low immune response to antigens (can hide easy)
Frequent cause of bacteria pneumoniae, causing high death rate in elderly
FYI- other bacteria cause pneumoniae too
Pneumovax- vaccine with 23 capsular antigens. There are 23 types of S. Pneumoniae.
Cause ear infections in children
Confirmed by P disc test (Optichin antibiotic)
Penicillin Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae (PRSP)

14. ESBLs Extended-spectrum beta lactamase = enzyme
Found in Intensive Care settings
Most common are E. coli and Klebsiela pneumonieae
Resistance is definitely passed through a plasmid

15. CRE Carbapenam –resistant Enterobacteriaceae
Carbapenam is an antibiotic
Carbapenase is the enzyme made by the bacteria to break or deactivate the drug.
See handout on CRE
Most common are E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonieae (same as ESBLs- not a typo)

16. NDM, also known as NDM1 New Dehli Metallo-beta-lactamase = enzyme
Video shows a young made picking up infection in India.
Bacteria with this enzyme swap plasmids in puddles of unclean water (in alley)
NDM is out in the community in India