1. What is addiction? physical and psychological dependence
tolerance and withdrawal syndrome

2. Definition of addiction:
Addiction is a persistent, compulsive dependence on a behaviour or substance. 
Some researchers speak of two types of addictions: chemical addictions (for example, alcoholism, drug abuse, and smoking); and behavioural addictions (for example, gambling and shopping).

3. What are the two types of addiction?

4. Describing addiction
physical and psychological dependence, tolerance and withdrawal syndrome

5. Physical dependence
Physical dependence is characterised by withdrawal symptoms subsiding when the drug has been administered to the patient, and shows that their body cannot function normally without the drug, thus causing physiological changes.
This is different to psychological dependence, which occurs when patients experience compulsions to acquire the drugs in order to experience the pleasurable effects once again, leading to the development of a habit due to this system of ‘usage and reward’

6. What Characterises Physical addiction?
What is Psychological addiction ? What is it similar to?

7. Tolerance
Tolerance occurs when an increasingly high dosage of a drug does not produce the desired results or effects for the patient. This results in a spiral or cascade of usage, where increasingly larger doses are required. Such tolerance is particularly problematic in surgery, where alcohol or drug addicts need higher doses of anaesthetic, due to a tolerance to sleep-inducing drugs.

8. Describe tolerance?

9. Withdrawal syndromes
Withdrawal syndromes occur when the patient stops taking the addictive substance, or consumes a smaller dose, and experiences symptoms opposite to those induced by the drug. These are often very unpleasant, such as severe insomnia and nausea. Therefore, addicts are motivated to continue carrying our addictive behaviours in order to avoid withdrawal symptoms and elongate the positive effects of the addiction.

10. Give 2 examples of withdrawal symptoms

11. Strange!
A study conducted at Stanford University in 2006 found that an estimated 6 percent of Americans are affected by a shopping addiction, but a 2008 study in the "Journal of Consumer Research" suggests the number may be closer to 9 percent of the population. So what's the difference between simply enjoying shopping and being a compulsive shopper? Compulsive shopping is characterized by excessive time and money spent shopping, lying about and hiding purchases, masking feelings of emptiness, anger, depression or other negative feelings, and a need for establishing a sense of control. Compulsive shoppers often feel guilty about their behaviour but simply can't stop shopping. And many purchases remain unopened or unused.

12. Strange!
Ice chewing is a crunchy habit that may be an indicator of iron deficiency anemia. The practice of compulsively chewing and consuming excessive amounts of ice is called pagophagia. Pagophagia is a form of pica, a condition where people crave and eat nonfood items that have no nutritional value.
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that about 2 percent of American males ages 18 and older as well as 16 percent of females between ages 16 and 19 are compulsive ice chewers.
Treating compulsive ice chewing often requires nothing more than treating the iron deficiency, although for some people, the compulsive craving may indicate a developmental disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder or too much stress.

13. Strange!
Could video game playing be an addiction? Yes, says the Centre for On-line Addiction -- at least when it becomes excessive, the gamer is overwhelmed with thoughts of gaming while engaging in non-gaming activities, the gamer lies about time spent gaming and feels anxious or irritable when not gaming. These criteria are similar to the criteria for compulsive gambling.
Addicted gamers are typically male and most are under the age of 30. While the cause of gaming addiction is unclear, mental health professionals believe it may be similar to other impulse control disorders. The act of gaming elevates dopamine levels, a feel-good, mood altering chemical our brain produces. Gaming can also give a person who may have poor self- esteem or trouble socializing a way to escape daily life or even a way to cope with depression and anxiety symptoms.