1. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd Local Government Waste Summit 2006 Total Cost Approach for Waste Management Christine Wardle 10 February 2006

2. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 2 Why total cost approach Understand all costs arising from undertaking activity Reflect economic value invested by community Apply user pays approach to investment Incorporate financial incentives for waste avoidance Provide funding flexibility to meet changing circumstances Can save the community money through reduced costs

3. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 3 Total kerbside collection costs Replacement bins, vehicles Maintenance & repairs Marketing costs MRF/depot - land, approvals, D&C Plant & equipment Material handling, specifications Risk management, insurances Site management plan Public place recycling infrastructure Disposal fees Emergency arrangements Contaminant disposal costs Baseline investigations, audits Tender costs Administration costs Legal, contract costs OH&S, training, PPE Fuel, utilities Receptacles Collection vehicles Greenhouse gas emissions Education & advertising Data management Road use, community amenity costs

4. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 4 Total landfill costs Land acquisition Planning & design Approvals Infrastructure (& supplementary) On-going cell development Operation & management Administration Financing cost Reporting Off-site contamination & pollution Greenhouse gas emissions Loss of productive use of land Loss of community amenity Site rehabilitation Infrastructure removal Post-closure monitoring/management Replacement site

5. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 5 Rural landfill cost analysis LGA + EPA, Office of Local Govt, Zero Waste SA 6 rural landfills (S, M, L) (B-, B+) Council, EPA co-operation Site inspections, licences, Council data 4 cost models current costs, licence compliance costs, EPA cost model, draft revised landfill guidelines

6. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 6 Methodology issues Accrual accounting or cash accounting Depreciation – rate, discounted Present value / future value calculations Interest rates Amortisation period Obsolescence (landfill lifespan) Contractual arrangements

7. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 7 Costing issues….. Define inputs & assumptions Total costs, net costs & unit rates Units - tonnes or cubic metres Accuracy of data estimate / measure, loose / compacted volumes recycled / deposited in landfill landfill airspace, lifespan cover, compaction rate

8. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 8 …..more costing issues Contractual arrangements commercial / community scope Site-specific factors hydrogeological conditions local materials Council / commercial services Future liability

9. © Hyder Consulting Pty Ltd 9 Project findings Small sample size Large unit cost of operating small landfills Little recovery of costs No large costs to comply with licence Biggest impact of guideline implementation on medium- sized landfills