1. May 2009
Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)
Submission Title: [Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for g]
Date Submitted: [ 01 May, 2009]
Source: [Khanh Tuan Le] Company [Texas Instruments]
[Per Torstein Roine] Company [Texas Instruments]
Address [Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway]
Voice: [ ],
Re: []
Abstract: [Power and spectrum efficient PHY proposal based on GFSK for g. Definition of multiple channels to support FHSS and Adaptive Frequency Agility.]
Purpose: [Technical proposal. Presented to the g SUN Task Group for consideration.]
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)

2. Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for 802.15.4g
May 2009
Power and Spectrum Efficient PHY Proposal for g
IEEE 802 Interim Meeting
12th May 2009, Montreal
Khanh Tuan Le
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Introduction
This proposal is based upon the preliminary proposal as submitted in the document IEEE g “Preliminary Proposal for a Multi-Regional Sub-GHz PHY for g”
Focus on user requirements, available frequency spectrum and applicable regulations for systems operating in the license exempt frequency bands
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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Proposal Structure
Common Baseline
Modulation Format, Channel Spacing and Data Rates
Forward Error Correction (FEC), Data Whitening and Packet Format
Regional Regulations and Channelization
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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Technical Baseline
Modulation Format Channel Spacing Data Rates
Data rates:
100 kbps (default): 2-GFSK, BT=0.5, modulation index 0.9
50 kbps : 2-GFSK, BT=0.5, modulation index TBD
200 kbps: 4-GFSK, BT=0.5, modulation index 0.3
Channel Separation: 250 kHz
Multiple channels
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA) with Listen Before Talk (LBT)
Flexible trade-off between communication range and data rate
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK)
Modulation Format Channel Spacing Data Rates
Constant amplitude modulation
FSK family
Use of power efficient transmitter architectures and circuitry
Gaussian shaping improves spectral efficiency.
GFSK can be efficiently implemented on silicon radios and is widely used today
2-GFSK (1 bit/symbol) / 4-GFSK (2 bit/symbol)
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Modulation Format Channel Spacing Data Rates
Well known and proven technique
Required by some regional regulations (e.g. in the USA) for high transmit power levels
Widely used in the USA
Limited use in Europe because frequency hopping does not enable higher transmit power. Duty cycle or LBT also apply for FH systems.
Can be used for co-existence of multiple networks
Can enable high aggregate throughput
Inherent frequency diversity mechanism
Required performance to facilitate frequency hopping is efficiently supported by semiconductor radio devices today
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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Simple Low Overhead FEC
FEC Packet Format Whitening
As support for very long packets is mandatory, a simple low-overhead FEC should be defined for optional use to improve the packet error rate
Proposal: (128,120,4) extended Hamming code
SECDED: Corrects single bit, detect double bit errors
Double bit error detection does not improve PER, but is useful for early receive termination when packet is corrupted
Can also be viewed and implemented as (127,120,3) BCH, extended by an extra parity bit
Generator polynomials: x7+x3+1 (BCH) and x+1 (extra parity)
After 15 octets of PHY data, one octet containing parity check bits (PCB) is inserted
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Packet Format
FEC Packet Format Whitening
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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Data Whitening (Optional)
FEC Packet Format Whitening
Whitening is done after FEC octet insertion
Same LFSR polynomial is used for whitening all the time
The whitening LFSR is initialized to an unique value based on the channel number (and data rate) used for the packet
This would enable retransmissions on the following channels to use different whitening for protection from packet data with poor whitening performance
Data whitening should be optional
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Background
Modulation Format Channel Spacing Data Rates
Focus on low system power consumption
Low power reception and listening
High transmit power efficiency
Battery operation possible (low average and peak current)
Spectral (and spectrum) efficiency increasingly more important
Larger and more advanced networks require higher (peak) and scalable data rates
Proven technology
Reliable networks using FSK and GFSK today
Multi channel support
Semiconductor technology requirements
Power optimized and cost efficient system solutions
Flexibility
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

12. Transmitter Architectures Modulation Format Channel Spacing Data Rates
May 2009
Transmitter Architectures
Modulation Format Channel Spacing Data Rates
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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MHz ISM Band in Europe
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
ERC/REC (Feb-2009)
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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Channel Plan
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Frequency Band: MHz
Frequency sub-bands and allowed max output power:
MHz (600 kHz): 25 mW / +14 dBm
MHz (500 kHz): 25 mW / +14 dBm
MHz (250 kHz): 500 mW / +27 dBm
Sub-band channel separation: 250 kHz
Number of channels: 5
Channel center frequencies:
MHz and MHz
MHz and MHz
MHz
Enable Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA) with Listen-Before-Talk (LBT)
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Channel Plan Illustration
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Center Freq
Max Output Power
MHz
25 mW (+14 dBm)
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
500 mW (+27 dBm)
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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Transmitter Requirements
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Absolute minimum requirements regulated by the EN * standard
Maximum output power
Transient power
Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)
Spurious Emissions
Application requirements
Minimum output power at maximum setting
IEEE : ”... capable of transmitting at least –3 dBm”
* Draft ETSI EN V2.3.1 ( )
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Receiver Requirements
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Absolute minimum requirements regulated by the EN standard
Receiver Category 2
Sensitivity
Maximum usable sensitivity
Adjacent Channel Selectivity
Not specified by EN for Category 2 receivers
Blocking or desensitization
Saturation
Intermodulation rejection
Application requirements
IEEE : -92/-85 dBm or better
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
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MHz ISM Band in The USA
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Frequency band: MHz
FCC Part
Utilization of the whole 26 MHz band
Max output power: 1 W (+30 dBm) or 500 mW (+27 dBm)
Dynamic power control
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
MHz ISM Band in The USA
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
# Channels
Channel Spacing
[kHz]
Modulation
Data Rate
[kbps]
Max Output Power [dBm]
100 (2 x 50)
250
2-GFSK 50
+30
100
4-GFSK
200
Can facilitate max +30 dBm output power if needed.
Multiple sets of (offset) channels could be defined to support at least two networks in the same area
The main coexistence mechanism would still be the use of different hopping sequences
Although networks share the same frequency range, coexistence is improved by good far-away selectivity, as the networks have a high probability of large frequency spacing at any given moment in time
Multipath fading mitigation and coexistence with other networks are maximized utilizing the entire frequency band
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

20. Regional Regulations Channelization 902-928 MHz
May 2009
Channel Plan for MHz
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Guard band (500 kHz) on each side
Multiple co-existing networks possible
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Co-existence of Multiple FH Networks
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
MHz ISM Band in China
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
This proposal is presented as a possible technical
solution. The suitability of this frequency band for SUN
applications needs to be confirmed and aligned with the
appropriate Chinese standardization bodies.
The Chinese Short Range Device Regulations
Frequency band: MHz
Utilization of the whole 40 MHz band
Max output power: 50 mW (+17 dBm)
Dynamic power control
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
<month year>
doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
MHz ISM Band in China
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
# Channels
Channel Spacing
[kHz]
Modulation
Data Rate
[kbps]
Max Output Power [dBm]
150 (3 x 50)
250
2-GFSK 50
+17
100
4-GFSK
200
Multiple sets of (offset) channels could be defined to support several co-existing networks in the same area
The main coexistence mechanism would still be the use of different hopping sequences
Although networks share the same frequency range, coexistence is improved by good far-away selectivity, as the networks have a high probability of large frequency spacing at any given moment in time
Multipath fading mitigation and coexistence with other networks are maximized utilizing the entire frequency band
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

24. Regional Regulations Channelization 470-510 MHz
May 2009
Channel Plan for MHz
Regional Regulations Channelization MHz
Guard band (1.25 MHz) on each side
Multiple co-existing networks possible
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
2.4 GHz ISM Band
Regional Regulations Channelization 2.4 GHz
The proposed technical baseline can also be used at the 2.4 GHz ISM band
More channels available
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Max output power regulated by regional regulatory requirements
Relative low data rate might be preferred to maximize achievable range
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#>
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doc.: IEEE <doc#>
May 2009
Thank you!
Khanh Tuan Le (TI)
<author>, <company>