1. Metals II

2. Announcements We will have a quiz next week (Probably Tuesday) on:
Radioactivity
Periodic table
Posters should be A3 sized.
I will be in lab for people who need to see me today.

3. Goal of the class
To introduce the different types of metals found on the periodic table.
Question of the day: How would you expect the reactivity to be for sodium vs. caesium?
Previous Answer: The delocalized electrons of metals give it the properties malleability, ductility, and electrical conductivity.
Previous question: What about metals atomic structure contribute to it’s chemical and physical properties?

4. Metals Most of the elements on the periodic table are types of metals
Same as before

5. Alkali Metals
The Group I elements in the Periodic Table are known as the alkali metals.
They include lithium, sodium and potassium, which all react vigorously with air and water.

6. Alkali Metals Highly reactive elements React by losing one electron
Never found uncombined in nature
React by losing one electron
Chemical group is based on violent reactions with water to form an alkaline solution
Talk about ions formed Na+, Li+, K+ etc

7. Alkali Metals
Alkali metals need to be stored under oil to prevent them reacting with the oxygen and water vapour in the air.
Talk about ions formed Na+, Li+, K+ etc

8. Flame Tests
The flame colour indicates which alkali metal ion is present in the compound.
Metal Ion
Flame Colour
Lithium
Red
Sodium
Yellow
Potassium
Lilac
Calcium
Orange-Red
Strontium
Barium
Pale green
Copper
Blue-green
Conductivity is both thermal and electrical

9. Alkali Earth Metals
Name comes from not melting in fire and causing water to become a basic solution
Loses two electrons to become two charge ions
Example Ca2+
Less reactive than group Alkaline metals

10. Group I Uses Lithium is used in lithium-ion batteries
Sodium is found in table salt
Lithium is used for mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia; for eating disorders, including anorexia and bulimia; and for blood disorders, including anemia and low white-cell count (neutropenia).
Sodium vapor is used in streetlights and produces a brilliant yellow light. Sodium also forms many useful compounds. Some of the most common are: table salt (NaCl), soda ash (Na2CO3), baking soda (NaHCO3), caustic soda (NaOH)
Potassium chloride (KCl) is the most common potassium compound.
Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used to make soaps, detergents and drain cleaners.
Caesium is used in atomic clocks, photoelectric cells and as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of several organic compounds.
CsI is used for scintillators in x-ray photography.
Potassium is found in fertilisers

11. Group II Uses Beryllium is used in aerospace
Magnesium is found in medicine
Beryllium is found in nuclear reactors, satellites, spacecraft and emeralds.
The U.S. Air Force F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter and many other aerospace vehicles rely on electrical and mechanical components made of beryllium alloys. Photo courtesy of the U.S. Air Force.
Magnesium is one-third less dense than aluminium. It improves the mechanical, fabrication and welding characteristics of aluminium when used as an alloying agent. These alloys are useful in aeroplane and car construction. Magnesium is used in products that benefit from being lightweight, such as car seats, luggage, laptops, cameras and power tools. It is also added to molten iron and steel to remove sulfur. 
As magnesium ignites easily in air and burns with a bright light, it’s used in flares, fireworks and sparklers. Magnesium sulfate is sometimes used as a mordant for dyes. Magnesium hydroxide is added to plastics to make them fire retardant. Magnesium oxide is used to make heat-resistant bricks for fireplaces and furnaces. It is also added to cattle feed and fertilisers. Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), sulfate (Epsom salts), chloride and citrate are all used in medicine. Grignard reagents are organic magnesium compounds that are important for the chemical industry.
Calcium compounds are widely used. There are vast deposits of limestone (calcium carbonate) used directly as a building stone and indirectly for cement. When limestone is heated in kilns it gives off carbon dioxide gas leaving behind quicklime (calcium oxide). This reacts vigorously with water to give slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). Slaked lime is used to make cement, as a soil conditioner and in water treatment to reduce acidity, and in the chemicals industry. It is also used in steel making to remove impurities from the molten iron ore. When mixed with sand, slaked lime takes up carbon dioxide from the air and hardens as lime plaster. Gypsum (calcium sulfate) is used by builders as a plaster and by nurses for setting bones, as ‘plaster of Paris’. And CHALK!
Calcium is essential to all living things, particularly for the growth of healthy teeth and bones. Calcium phosphate is the main component of bone. The average human contains about 1 kilogram of calcium. Children and pregnant women are encouraged to eat foods rich in calcium, such as milk and dairy products, leafy green vegetables, fish and nuts and seeds.
Strontium is used in foreworks and flares
Barium in enemas
Radium used to be used in watch dials (radioactive, not used now)
Calcium is found in bones

12. Vocabulary
Alkalinity – A solution’s ability to neutralize acids. Forms a basic solution
Radium – A radioactive group II element discovered by Marie Curie

13. Homework Read: Chemical Building Blocks page 93-94