1. Cells pgs odd

2. What is a Cell?
Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all organisms
Multicellular- simple to complex (fungi)
animals and plants
Unicellular
Single-Celled
Bacteria and some yeasts, fungi and algae

3. History First to observe living cells 1595 1665
Hans and Zacharias Janssen
Dutch lens grinders, father and son
Produced first compound microscope
1665
Robert Hooke
English Scientist
studied the cork tree and called the holes in the cork “cells”
Things are made of cells
History
1680’s
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch fabric merchant and amateur scientist
looked at blood, rainwater, scrapings from teeth through a simple microscope
First to observe living cells
1838
Matthias Schleiden
German botanist
Used a microscope to study plants
Determined plants are made of cells
1855
Rudolph Virchow
German doctor who discovered that new cells do not form on their own. 
New cells form when old cells divide
1839
Theodor Schwann
German
Studied animals
All animals are made up of cells

4. The Cell Theory This all leads to….
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
All living things are composed of one or more cells
New cells are produced from existing cells

5. Two Types of Cells Prokaryotes First cells on Earth
Single celled organisms
Lack a nucleus
Lack membrane bound organelles
Small (ex: bacteria)
Grow in all environments
Genetic Material is a single circular molecule of DNA
Cell Wall (structure and support)

6. Eukaryotes
Nucleus
Organelles (structures that carry out specific activities of the cell)
More complex than Prokaryotes
Plants, Animals, some fungi, algae, and yeasts)

7. Why do cells need all these things?
…because they keep cells alive
Cell Wall
Basic Cellular Functions
Molecule Transport
Must be able to obtain nutrients and other molecules to survive
Reproduction
produce new generations to ensure the survival of their species
Energy Conversion
Convert energy into something the cell can use (Ex: Glucose to ATP)
Chloroplasts
Cytoskeleton
Cell Membrane
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Vacuoles
Chromosomes
Membrane
Proteins
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

8. What Makes the Cell Run? ….hint (it’s a macromolecule)
Proteins
Necessary for reading cell’s DNA
Generation of ATP (energy cell’s can use)
Cell communication
Interaction with their environment
e.g. adhesion of objects to cells)
Structure (cytoskeleton)
Breakdown of cellular waste
...the list can go on and on.
If the cells cease to make proteins, they will cease to function and, ultimately, cease to exist.

9. Why are Cells so small
Small cells exchange substances easier because they have a low volume to surface area ratio.
Substances don’t need to travel as far to reach center.