1. Community Scientist Academy
Session 2
Study and Intervention Design

2. Welcome and Introductions
Community Scientist Academy (CSA) Team
5:30
Kate Stewart
Nicki Spencer
Rachel Hale

3. Welcome and Introductions
Make notes of your answers to these questions on your index card:
What was most interesting to you that we discussed in last week’s session?
What was the most important thing you learned?
(If you weren’t here, tell us your name, how you learned of the CSA and why you decided to participate)
We have 30 seconds each to tell us your name and answer the questions. Nicki will be timing us!!!

4. TIMER
30 SECONDS

5. Community Scientist Academy
Purpose: To increase awareness and understanding of research and to increase participation in multiple aspects of the research process.
Overview:
Session 1: Research Process, Types, and Partnerships
Session 2:Study and Intervention Design
Session 3: Implementation, Analysis and Dissemination
Session 4: Basics of Research Funding
Session 5: UAMS and TRI Research Involvement Opportunties
Session 6: Graduation Celebration and Next Steps
ORIGINAL WORDING:
Purpose: To increase awareness and understanding of research and participation in multiple aspects of the research process.
Camille
5:46

6. DISCLAIMER This is just a broad introduction to whet your appetite!
It’s not in-depth or exhaustive

7. Study Design Types of Study Designs
Descriptive / observational (non-experimental)
Quasi-experimental
Experimental

8. Study Design Descriptive/observational (non-experimental)
Purpose: To accurately describe or depict the people being studied.
Types: Observational, Case Study, Survey
No comparison or control group
Examples:
Studies documenting death rates
Disparities in quality of care
Differences in access to care or use of services

9. Study Design Quasi-experimental
Purpose: To study the effect of an intervention (e.g. drugs, procedures, health services, education, policy change, etc.)
Looks for differences over time (by taking a series of measurements before and after) and/or between groups
Examples:
Hand-washing before and after adding sanitizer by the doors of half of the patients
Impact of community health workers on cost using secondary data

10. Study Design Experimental
Randomized Controlled Trial
Random assignment (e.g., flip a coin, etc.) to either control or intervention group
Considered most rigorous design or “gold standard”

11. Is random assignment used?
Yes No
Randomized controlled trial
Is there a comparison group or
multiple measurements?
Yes No
Quasi-experimental
Descriptive non-experimental

12. Randomized Controlled Trials Exercise
Watch the videos
During the video, use your index card to note things you want to ask about afterwards.

13. Randomized Controlled Trials Exercise
Example
Why is randomization important?
What is clinical trial?

14. Study Design DEBRIEF What questions do you have? My questions for you:
Why is it important to randomly assign patients to receive the treatment being tested?
Why are drugs tested in phases?

15. Guest Presentation - Researcher
L. Joseph Su, PhD, MPH Professor, Department of Epidemiology Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, UAMS Co-Director, Cancer Prevention and Population Science, W. P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, UAMS

16. BREAK – 5 minutes

17. REVIEW How is Research Defined?

18. REVIEW How is Research Defined?
A systematic (organized, planned) process
used to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.
ORIGINAL TEXT:
A systematic (organized, planned) process used to develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge.

19. Break into three groups and answer your assigned questions.
REVIEW
Break into three groups and answer your assigned questions.
Group 1
How are patient centered outcomes research and community-based participatory research different from traditional research?
Why have CBPR and PCOR become more popular approaches to research in recent years?
Group 2
Describe the different parts of the research process.
What, if anything, about the process was confusing or interesting to you?
Group 3
What is the IRB and what is its role?
What was the most interesting thing you learned from Ms. Killebrew?

20. REVIEW Find your group (Either here, next door, or in the hall room.)
Spend 5-10 minutes discussing the answer to your assigned question.
Make notes on the flip chart paper.
Also list any questions or comments you have.
Pick someone to report to the rest of the group.

21. Report Out and Discussion
3 minutes each group

22. Steps in the Research Process
Define the research question
Identify the
PROBLEM
Devise a
PLAN
ACT
To implement your plan
OBSERVE
Collect and analyze your data
REFLECT
And share
Study Design, Develop Study Methods, Instruments
Dissemination
Write grants, obtain funding, write study protocol, obtain IRB approval
Study Implementation

23. Institutional Review Boards (IRB)
Researchers must submit their studies for IRB review
IRB determines if activities require review
Research must be approved before activities can start
Studies not meeting ethical standards are denied approval
IRB also monitors approved studies to assure they are conducted ethically
Kate
ORIGINAL WORDING:
IRB determines if activities require review
Researchers must submit their studies for IRB review
Research must be approved before activities can start
Studies not meeting ethical standards are denied approval
IRB also monitors approved studies to assure they are conducted ethically

24. Examples of Types of Research
Basic research – studies of the body’s cells and molecules – to find out how they function.
Clinical studies:
Testing medications or procedures in patients or healthy volunteers
Reviewing medical records
Lab studies of blood or other human tissue
Survey research – phone, in person, completed by yourself
Health services research – studies about healthcare quality, access, and cost
Community-based interventions – healthy eating, exercise, etc.
Kate
Basic research – for example basic research on cancer might look at the role of different molecules in starting or stopping cancer.

25. Traditional versus Participatory Research
Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)
CBPR is a collaborative research approach that is designed to ensure and establish structures for participation by communities affected by the issue being studied, representatives of organizations, and researchers in all aspects of the research process to improve health and well-being through taking action, including social change.
Kate – 5 minutes
Viswanathan M, et al ARHQ Evidence Report 99: Community-based Participatory Research:
Assessing the Evidence accessed on 9/2/09 at

26. Traditional versus Patient Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR)
Helps people and their caregivers communicate and make informed healthcare decisions, allowing their voices to be heard in assessing the value of healthcare options.
Kate

27. Collect and analyze your data
How are CBPR and PCOR Different?
We do all the steps together.
Including Identifying the problem
Identify the
PROBLEM
Devise a
PLAN
ACT
To implement your plan
OBSERVE
Collect and analyze your data
REFLECT
And share

28. Collect and analyze your data
How are CBPR and PCOR Different?
We do all the steps together.
Including Identifying the problem
Identify the
PROBLEM
Devise a
PLAN
ACT
To implement your plan
OBSERVE
Collect and analyze your data
REFLECT
And share
Ideally, researchers and community members, patients, families, or others affected by the issue develop a partnership before you start the process!

29. Debrief & Wrap-up
Any questions