1. Integration of Heat and Power

2. HEAT ENGINES RESERVIOR T1 Q1 W Heat Engine Q2 T2 RESERVIOR
First Law of Thermodynamics
W = Q1 - Q2
Second Law of Thermodynamics
W  7c Q1
where
7c =
T1 - T2 T1

3. HEAT PUMPS RESERVIOR T1 Q1 W Heat Pump Q2 T2 RESERVIOR
First Law of Thermodynamics
Q1 = W + Q2
Second Law of Thermodynamics
W  7c Q1
where
7c =
T1 - T2 T1

4.     F1(=QHmin) T heat source F2 Q F3 F4 W F5 Q - W (F6)
heat sink
PINCH F7 F8 F9
F10
  
= F1 + Q H
Fn+1(=QCmin)
= Fn+1 + Q - W C

5.   T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH F7 F8 F9 F10 Fn+1 = Q H = Fn+1 C HEAT
ENGINE O W
cold utility T
(Q-W)=F1 F2
hot utility F3 F4 F5
(F6)
PINCH F7 F8 F9
F10  
Fn+1
= Q H
= Fn+1 C

6.    T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH F7 F8+(Q-W) F9+(Q-W) F10+(Q-W)O F2 F3 F4 F5
HEAT
ENGINE
(F6)
PINCH W F7
F8+(Q-W)
F9+(Q-W)
F10+(Q-W)  
Fn+1+(Q-W)
= F + Q H
= Fn+1 + Q - W C

7.   T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH F7 F8 F9 F10 = F1 H = Q - W C F1 O = Fn+1F7 F8 F9
F10
= F1 H  
= Q - W C
O = Fn+1
HEAT
ENGINE
(d) W
(Q-W)

8.   T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH F7 F8 F9 F10 : Q + Q H : Fn+1 + (Q - W)
(Q-W) = F1 T F2 F3 F4 F5
(F6)
PINCH F7 F8 F9
F10
: Q + Q H  
: Fn+1 + (Q - W) C
(Q-W)
Fn+1
(a)

9.   ZERO FLOW T X1 F2 = 0 X2 F3 = 0 X3 F4 = 0 X4 F5 = 0 X5 (F6) PINCHQ
ZERO
FLOW W T X1
F2 = 0 X2
F3 = 0 X3
F4 = 0 X4
F5 = 0 X5
(F6)
PINCH
(= F1 in (a)) F7 F8 F9
F10
: Q H  
: Fn+1 C
Fn+1
(b)

10.   F1 - W T F2  W F3  Q F4  Q F5 (F6) PINCH F7 F8 F9 F10 IN
Q + W
F3  Q
F4  Q W Q
HEAT
PUMP F5
(F6)
PINCH F7 F8 F9
F10 IN
: F1 - W + W  
OUT
: Fn+1
Fn+1
(b)

11.   F1 T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH F7 F8+Q+W F9+Q+W F10 + W IN : F1 + WF7
Q + W
F8+Q+W
F9+Q+W W Q
HEAT
PUMP
F10 + W IN
: F1 + W  
OUT
: Fn+1 + W
Fn+1 + W
(b)

12.   F1 -(Q+W) T F2 -(Q+W) F3 -(Q+W) F4 -(Q+W) F5 -(Q+W) (F6) PINCHW Q
HEAT
PUMP
F7  Q
F8  Q IN
: F1 - (Q+W) = F - Q
F9  Q
OUT
: Fn+1 - Q
F10  Q  
Fn+1 + W
(c)

13. Complex Distillation Configurations

14. (a) A A B C A B C B B C B C C
Figure The direct and indirect sequences of simple distillation columns for a three-component separation. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

15. (b) A B A A B C A B C A B B C
Figure 5.1(續) The direct and indirect sequences of simple distillation columns for a three-component separation. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

16. A A B C B (Vapor Sidestream) C
(a) More than 50% middle component and less than 5% heaviest
component.
Figure Distillation columns with three products. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

17. A A B C B (Liquid Sidestream) C
(b) More than 50% middle component and less than 5% lightest
component.
Figure 5.10(續) Distillation columns with three products. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

18. Partial
Condenser A A B A B C B B B C
Partial
Reboiler C
(a) Sequence for three product separation using nonadjacent keys (b)
Figure Choosing nonadjacent keys leads to the prefractionator arrangement.

19. Partial
Condenser A A B A B C B B C
Partial
Reboiler C
(a) (b) Prefractionator arrangement
Figure 5.11(續) Choosing nonadjacent keys leads to the prefractionator arrangement.

20. A A B C A B C B B C B C C COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2
Figure Composition profiles for the middle product in the columns of the direct sequence show remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

21. COLUMN TOP COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 RE-MIXING IN COLUMN 1 COLUMN BOTTOM
Mole Fraction of B
1.0
Figure 5.12(續) Composition profiles for the middle product in the columns of the direct sequence show remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

22. Partial Condenser A A B C B Partial Reboiler C
Figure Composition profiles for the middle product in the prefractionator arrangement show that there are no remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

23. COLUMN TOP MAIN COLUMN PREFRACTIONATOR COLUMN BOTTOM 1.0
Feed
Sidestream
Stage
Bottom
PREFRACTIONATOR
COLUMN
BOTTOM
1.0
Mole Fraction of B
Figure 5.13(續) Composition profiles for the middle product in the prefractionator arrangement show that there are no remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

24. Figure 5.14 Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.B 1 2 3 4 A B C C
(a) Thermally-coupled direct sequence (b)
Figure Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.

25. Figure 5.14(續) Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.B 1 2 4 3 A B C C
(a) (b) Side-rectifier arrangement
Figure 5.14(續) Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.

26. Figure 5.15 Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.2 3 4 A B C B C
(a) Thermally-coupled indirect sequence (b)
Figure Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.

27. Figure 5.14(續) Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.3 2 1 A B C 4 B C
(a) (b) Side-Stripper arrangement
Figure 5.14(續) Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.

28. Partial
Condenser A A B C B
Partial
Reboiler C
(a) Prefractionator arrangement (b)
Figure The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

29. A
Main
Column A B C B C
(a) (b) Thermally coupled prefractionator(Petlyuk Column)
Figure 5.17(續) The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

30. A
Main
Column A B C B
(b) (C) Dividing wall column C
Figure 5.17(續) The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

31. T A A B C  B C2 C1  C H
Figure Relationship between heat load and level in simple and prefractionator sequences. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

32. T A A B C   B C2 C H
Figure 5.18(續) Relationship between heat load and level in simple and prefractionator sequences. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)