1. THE FIVE KINGDOMS

2. Introduction to Bacteria
2 TYPES OF BACTERIA:
Bacteria
-Get food from an outside source
Blue-green Bacteria
-Make their own food

3. Bacteria - small one celled monerans
Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment
They are found almost everywhere:
-water -air
-soil -food
-skin -inside the body
-on most objects

4. rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus
3 Shapes of Bacteria
Bacteria are classified into 3 groups based on shape:
Spiral:
spirilla
rod-shaped: bacilli, bacillus
Round:
cocci

5. Bacillus anthracis – (bacillus) 3 Shapes of Bacteria
Neisseria meningitidis (coccus)
Leptospira interrogans – (spirilla)

6. 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Capsule
Cell wall
Ribosomes
Nucleoid
Flagella
Pilli
Cytoplasm

7. 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Capsule
keeps the cell from drying out and helps it stick to food or other cells

8. 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Cell wall
Thick outer covering that maintains the overall shape of the bacterial cell

9. 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Ribosomes
cell part where proteins are made
Ribosomes give the cytoplasm of bacteria a granular appearance in electron micrographs

10. 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Nucleoid
a ring made up of DNA

11. 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Flagella
a whip-like tail that some bacteria have for locomotion

12. Pilli 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
hollow hair-like structures made of protein
allows bacteria to attach to other cells.
Pilli-singular
Pillus-plural

13. 7 Major Structures of a Bacteria Cell
Cytoplasm
clear jelly-like material that makes up most of the cell

14. Reproduction of Bacteria
Binary Fission- the process of one organism dividing into two organisms
Fission is a type of asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction- reproduction of a living thing from only one parent
How?...
The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itself
Then it divides into two
www-raider.stjohns.k12.fl.us/.../ sv16.html

15. BINARY FISSION Bacteria dividing Completed Reproduction of Bacteria
Bacteria dividing
Completed

16. Reproduction of Bacteria
The time of reproduction depends on how desirable the conditions are
Bacteria can rapidly reproduce themselves in warm, dark, and moist conditions
Some can reproduce every 20 minutes
(one bacteria could be an ancestor to one million bacteria in six hours)

17. Binary Fission Bacterial Cell & Nucleiod DNA Ring DNA replication
Cell wall synthesis
Cell separation

18. Bacteria Survival
Endospore-
a thick celled structure that forms inside
the cell
they are the major cause of food poisoning
allows the bacteria to survive for many years
they can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions
it encloses all the nuclear materials
and some cytoplasm

19. Endospore-the black section in the middle
Bacteria Survival
Bacillus subtilis
Endospore-the black section in the middle
highly resistant structures
can withstand radiation, UV light, and boiling at 120oC for 15 minutes.

20. Bacteria Survival – Food sources
parasites – bacteria that feed on living things
saprophytes – use dead materials for food (exclusively)
decomposers – get food from breaking down dead matter into simple chemicals
important- because they send minerals and other materials back into the soil so other organisms can use them

21. some bacteria cause diseases Animals can pass diseases to humans
Harmful Bacteria
some bacteria cause diseases
Animals can pass diseases to humans
Communicable Disease –
Disease passed from one organism to another
This can happen in several ways:
Air
Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush
Drinking water that contains bacteria

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Harmful Bacteria
Human tooth with accumulation of bacterial plaque (smooth areas) and calcified tartar (rough areas)

23. Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
Helpful Bacteria
Decomposers help recycle nutrients into the soil for other organisms to grow
Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay
Most are used to make antibiotics
Some bacteria help make insulin
Used to make industrial chemicals

24. E.coli on small intestines
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Helpful Bacteria
E.coli on small intestines

25. Helpful Bacteria Used to treat sewage
Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess.
foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk

26. 3 ways to control bacteria:
Controlling Bacteria
3 ways to control bacteria:
1) Canning- the process of sealing food in airtight cans or jars after killing bacteria
endospores are killed during this process
2) Pasteurization- process of heating milk to kill harmful bacteria
3) Dehydration- removing water from food
Bacteria can’t grow when H2O is removed
example: uncooked noodles & cold cereal

27. Controlling Bacteria
Antiseptic vs. Disinfectants
Antiseptic- chemicals that kill bacteria on living things
means – “against infection”
Examples: iodine, hydrogen peroxide, alcohol, soap, mouthwash
Disinfectants- stronger chemicals that destroy bacteria on objects or nonliving things

28. BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA
Autotrophs – make their own food through photosynthesis
larger than most bacterial cells
commonly grow on water and surfaces that stay wet…such as rivers, creeks and dams
Some live in salt water, snow, and acid water of hot springs
food source for animals that live in the water

29. BLUE-GREEN BACTERIA can be toxic to humans and animals
Blooms- occur when the bacteria multiplies in great numbers and form scum on the top of the water

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The End