2. Numeracy skills are an important part of a young persons learning.
These basic maths skills will be encountered in various places in the school curriculum in many different departments.
Numeracy is also vital in day to day life through shopping, dealing effectively with money and budgeting.
This presentation aims to show how these skills are taught and the methods that are used.
This should allow pupils to experience a consistent approach across the curriculum and will allow parents to see the methods that their children will be using.

3. Money
Negative Numbers
Time
Speed, Distance and Time
Converting Units of Measure
Basic Algebra
Solving Equations
Drawing Graphs
Perimeter and Area
Problem Solving Strategies
Basic Addition
Basic Subtraction
Mental Arithmetic
Basic Multiplication
Basic Division
Rounding
Estimating
Order of Operations
Fractions
Decimals
Percentages

4. Addition Written Methods for Addition
Words that often suggest that you need to do an addition calculation include:
Total Altogether Sum Increase And More Plus
When addition calculations can’t be carried out mentally, a written method can be used.
An addition sum is set out vertically. The digits must be lined up correctly one below the other. We always work from right to left. First, add the units, then the tens, hundreds, thousands etc.
Carrying digits, when necessary, are usually carried above the line.
If the addition involves decimals, make sure that the decimal points are lined up.

5. Work from the units column on the right.6 6 9
4+2 = 6
5+1 = 6
6+3 = 9
The total of = 10. This is 0 units and 1 ten so the 1 ten is carried over into the tens column. 1 8 2
= 8
= 12

6. 6 + 3 = 9
5 + 4 = 9
2 + 6 = 8 6 8 9 .
3 + 3 = 6 9
Bring the decimal point down to the answer

7. 19.81
0+ 1 = 1 1 1 3 2 . 2 1
4+ 8 = 12
= 12
Bring the decimal point down
= 3

8. Written Methods for Subtraction
When subtraction calculations can’t be carried out mentally, a written method can be used.
Like addition, a subtraction sum is set out vertically. The digits must be lined up correctly one below the other.
Always work from right to left. Subtract the units, then the tens, hundreds, thousands etc. Subtractions must always be top number minus bottom number. It may sometimes be necessary to exchange (borrow) from another column to do this (see Example 2 below).
If the subtraction involves decimals, make sure that the decimal points are lined up in the working and the answer.

9. 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 8

13. Multiplication
Multiplication is another important basic skill. Good knowledge of times tables helps! Words that show that you need to carry out a multiplication calculation include:
Multiplied by Multiple Product
Groups of Lots of Times
When using a written method for multiplication, the sum is set out vertically and worked from right to left.
Carrying digits, if any, are placed in the correct column of the sum.

16. Division

20. Rounding

21. Rounding to the nearest 10:
Look at the units column.
This value shows if you must round up or down.
3 4 30
As 4 < 5, round down.
As 7 > 5, round up.
4 7 50

22. Rounding to the nearest whole number:
Look at the first number after the decimal point .
This value shows if you must round up or down.
3.4 3
As 4 < 5, round down.
As 7 > 5, round up.
4.7 5

23. Rounding to one decimal place:
Look at the second number after the decimal point .
This value shows if you must round up or down.
3.46
3.5
As 6>5, round up.
As 3 < 5, round down.
4.732
4.73

24. Rounding to two decimal places:
Look at the third number after the decimal point .
This value shows if you must round up or down.
3.467
3.47
As 7 > 5, round up.
As 1 <5, round down.
4.7712
4.77

25. Estimating

26. To estimate, round 3294 to 3300 and 11 to 10.
3294 people attended a football match. The ticket price was £11. What was the total value of the ticket sales?
The calculation is 3294 x 11.
To estimate, round 3294 to and 11 to 10.
The estimation calculation is
3300 x 10 = £
Therefore, when doing the actual calculation, the answer would be expected to be reasonably close to £
(The actual answer is £36 234)

27. Order of Operations

28. 1. Find x 2
Using BODMAS, we multiply first. 5+ =
= 17.
2. Find ÷ 4
Using BODMAS, we divide first.
4 +
= 4 + 2
= 6.
6 x 2
8 ÷ 4

29. Fractions

31. Simplifying Fractions

34. Adding Fractions
Fractions can only be added or subtracted if the denominators are the same.
This is called having a “ common denominator “.
If the fractions have the same denominator, then we just add the numerators together to get the solution.

35. To add the fractions when the denominators are the same, just add the numerators together.

36. Step 1 - Draw a “kiss”. This is an X shaped cross as shown.
Step 2 – Draw a “smile”.
This is a curve as shown.
Starting at the top left multiply along the lines of the cross and add.
This gives the numerator.
Multiply along the line of the smile to get the denominator. 5 x 8 = 40

37. Subtracting Fractions
This follows the same method as adding fractions.
Draw the kiss and smile.
Multiply along the cross lines and subtract to get the numerator.
Remember, always start at the top left!!!
Multiply along the smile to get the denominator.

38. Multiplying Fractions
This is a very simple process.
The method is to multiply the numerators together and then multiply the denominators together.
Simplify your answer if you can.

39. The second fraction flips upside down

40. Decimals