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New Architectures Concepts in Body Control Modules
Class 09 Interior Body and Security
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Table Of Contents
Car Architecture Overview 1 3 Body Control Modules Overview 2 9 Autosar 10 Adaptive Autosar 4 13 SW Architecture 5 25 Security & Privacy 6 28 Safety 7 32
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules CAR Architecture Overview – Domains
The trend of adaption of consumer electronics in the automotive industry is accelerating with every passing year. The automotive electronics design not only provides a unified human machine interface but also assists the automobile manufacturers to enhance the consistency of body electronics. Instrument Clusters Hardware architecture HMI components Touch display Vehicle Bus Communication Multimedia Bus Interface CAN, LIN, Ethernet Body Controller Infotainment and Telematics Hands free telephony Navigation, DVD player, Radio, Storage devices Body Electronics Power windows Mirror control Gateways module Remote keyless entry Sun roofs Automatic liftgates HEV / EV Vehicle energy management Tire Guards Pressure monitoring Suspension monitoring Power Train & Engine Management Diagnostic tests and interfaces Software & Hardware development Light Control Adaptive Light Control
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules CAR Architecture Overview - Communication
Under the hood and above the hood communications such as Ethernet, CAN, LIN, MOST, I2C, I2S is connecting all electronics on the car. CAN High Wire \ LIN \ ETH Rx CAN Low Wire \ GND \ ETH Tx Car Left Mirror Car Right Mirror Inside Car Control Switch Mirrors
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules CAR Architecture Overview – How data is transmitted
Communication between electronics on the car is done through frames or messages (Ethernet, CAN or LIN protocol). CAN High Wire CAN Low Wire Mirror is moving Button is switched and pressed to control left mirror and a CAN message is send. Message received by the left mirror electronic. Car Left Mirror Car Right Mirror Inside Car Control Switch Mirrors
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules CAR Architecture Overview – How communication looks like
Below is depicted communication between several electronics on the car with CAN protocol (a common language spoke by electronics to understand each other). Every message sent, by one of the electronics, have an predefined identifier (like and destination address written on the envelope) and a predefined length. Electronic responsible for reading the ignition key (car key) and motor status is sending on the CAN line message mBSG_3 with identifier 0x575 and length of 4 bytes. Is read by other electronics on the car which requires that information. Message data (4 bytes) are divided into signals which are interpreted accordingly (is known in advanced how the format of the message should look like).
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules CAR Architecture Overview – General HW ECU architecture
ECU = Electronic Control Unite (electronic responsible for a specific functionality inside car like electronic mirrors) Basic hardware components to which every ECU is populated with: Microcontroller – for computation power; SBC or ASIC (responsible with wakeup & sleep); EEPROM – non volatile small memory; CAN transceiver for communication; LIN transceiver for communication; Power regulator.
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules CAR Architecture Overview – General SW ECU architecture
Basic SW components layouts inside every ECU which is designed: Bootloader (for application update – similar to smart phones today which allows you to updated to a new firmware); Application SW: OS (operating system) + Application layer.
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Central Body Control Modules – Hidden But Essential For Every Car Central Body Control Modules (BCMs) are central elements of vehicle electronics. They combine several functions in one housing and control practically all the vehicle's electronic basis, comfort and security functions like: Gateway modules External lighting Interior lighting Windshield wipers Windshield washer system Central locking system Climate control system Seat adjustment RF reception Immobilizer Remote Keyless Entry Passive Start and Entry Systems Tire Pressure Monitoring System Energy Management Thanks to their scalable architecture and AUTOSAR-compatible software modules, they can be freely adapted and harmonize with a every specific type of vehicle. 9
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules AUTOSAR - Introduction
AUTOSAR (Automotive Open System Architecture) is a standardization initiative of leading automotive OEMs and suppliers and was founded in autumn The goal is to develop a reference architecture for ECU software, which can overcome the growing complexity of software in modern vehicles. ECU classic architecture design ECU standardization architecture design 10
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules AUTOSAR – Major principle
The AUTOSAR project objectives - specifying and - standardizing the central architectural elements across functional domains, allowing industry competition to focus on implementation. Major principle - Ensure stabilization of releases - Consider market needs of AUTOSAR partners Content - Architecture - Methodology - Application interfaces Process & Quality - Promote global use of the standard - Establish a flexible work package structure - Clear release and revision numbering scheme - Ensure backward compatibility - Life cycle plan for each release - Continuous incorporation of new concepts 11
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Architectures Concepts AUTOSAR - Software architecture
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR – New Architecture Concepts
Automotive industry is tasked to enable a host of new features - including connectivity, over-the-air updates, sensory data and autonomy - never before offered in vehicles. On the other hand, traditional ECUs were primarily designed to perform a specific, static, real-time function. Making ECUs future-proof wasn’t really on nobody’s mind in the past. This is where Autosar (AUTOmotive Open System Architecture)’s emerging standard, “Adaptive Automotive Platform,” comes in. Its goal is to offer more flexible options for ECU architecture, to establish a foundation for more compute-intensive tasks with large amounts of data. 13
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR – For high-performance in-car computers
While Classic Autosar was designed for control units with static functions, control units with Adaptive Autosar can be enhanced with additional functions and security updates during the life cycle (central control unit with performance and safety cores). 14
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR
Digital. Connected. Current way of thinking: Vehicle separated from customers daily digital experience New way of thinking: Vehicle integrated in customer digital experience 15
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Motivation
„Digital World“ stands for innovation and being up to date The Vehicle becomes an integral part of this digital world The smart vehicle consistently increases its performance via updates and upgrades after sales A new approach is required to enable continuous innovation 16
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Assumptions and Challenges
Power Train Power Train Key Parameter Chassis Chassis Body Body ADAS ADAS Infotainment Infotainment Criteria Auto. Driving Digitalization E/E-Architecture 17
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Architectural Pattern for Automotive Networks Central Gateway Architecture Domain Controller Architecture ? Amount of software Software complexity 18
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - A new approach to enable updatability & upgradability Centralized functional architecture with decoupling of application software and I/O functions - Reduce overall system complexity and dependencies between applications Efficient & fast development of customer functions - Provide basic services required by several customer functions - Make use of service-oriented communication 19
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Service-oriented architecture as key to digitalization Enables carmakers to reduce complexity & improve updateability, upgradeability, reusability and portability by: - dividing applications in single, self-contained software components - minimizing functional dependencies between software components Achieved by: - Service-oriented communication - Dynamic binding using service discovery and publish/subscribe - Data representation primarily based on REST (Representational State Transfer) - Uniform interfaces, stateless, separation of concerns, ... - Forward- and backward-compatibility of interfaces 20
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Interface compatibility
To enable continuous updates and upgrades, the compatibility of interfaces is required. 21
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Communication Server
Central architectural component to encapsulate signal-based communication from service-oriented communication - (Bus)signals on sensor-actuator level and legacy partition - Services interfaces for service-oriented communication (application/basic services) 22
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Common SW-Framework based on Adaptive AUTOSAR - Customer functions/basic services can be developed independently of ICAS and operating system - Common methodology and exchange formats - Common update and communication protocols 23
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Adaptive AUTOSAR - Common SW-Framework based on Adaptive AUTOSAR 24
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Software Architecture – Gateway
Separation of gateway, safety and security functions A safety multi-core operating system with classic Autosar AR4.2 Gateway: Classic gateway functions one core for Can / Lin routing one core for ETH Stack Parts of the COM server (conversion signals in Services + UDP bridge) Filter / Proxy - Control instance for the switch control Safety: fully ASIL certified safety components Conversion to services (safety) - with new protection Monitoring the performance controller (if required) HSM: Minimum operating system with queue, interruptions of operations, etc. Implementation of further real-time functions with time-critical start-up behavior
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Software Architecture – Gateway
Responsible to transfer data from area of the car to another (similar to Ethernet routers which we have in our homes). Click ! CAN High Wire DLC = Data length code (length in bytes of usable information carry be message) CAN Low Wire Gateway CAN High Wire CAN Low Wire Highspeed CANs Messages with too short DLC will be routed Transmit message Messages with too long DLC will be routed Receive message
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Software Architecture – Gateway
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Security & Privacy in Product Life Cycle
Concept Refinement Industrial- ization Product Validation Production Ramp-up After Series Innovation Quotation V Model Development Research for Industrial Leadership Sec&Priv Concept and Architecture Sec&Priv Support Sec&Priv Work Packages Prototype Planning & Specification Realization Integration & Testing LOOP Incident Response Management
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Threat (& Risk) Analysis
New Architectures in Body Control Modules Security & Privacy in V-Model Security & Privacy Goals Security & Privacy Validation System Design System Integration & Testing Threat (& Risk) Analysis Security & Privacy Integration Testing Requirements Analysis & Specification Requirements Verification Integration & Evaluation Analysis & Design Security & Privacy Concept Compliance Testing Architectural Design Integration & Testing Security & Privacy Architecture Functional Reviews & Analysis Unit Design & Implementation Unit Testing Legend: Product dev. V-Modell Approach SCC Consulting/Support Implementation Implementation Proofs of Concept Secure SW/HW Engineering
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Security Engineering Approaches
Independent consideration of protection mechanisms for every platform layer Context Establishment Risk Monitoring and Review Risk Communication and Consultation Threat Analysis Risk Assessment Risk Treatment Security Privacy Security and Privacy Requirements Top-Down Bottom-Up Access Control Resource Assignment Isolation Protection of Restricted Resources Resource Sharing CPU Time Flow Control Firewall Identification Processes, Containers, OSs
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Security – Secure Memory Assignment
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Safety Concept
SW package for Safety plan to take from SWP Toulouse RAM / ROM Test ECC Handler Register Monitoring SafeStorage Module -> ASIL Function data Safe SPI (Master Test pattern)
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New Architectures in Body Control Modules Thank you!
Thank you for attending this course! Thank you for support materials: Vector Informatik - Elektrobit - Continental - YouTube –
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