1. The cell cycle influences circadian phase progression Circadian intervals with divisions (p1,d1,p2) last 21.95 ± 3.8 h (n = 1,926) and are significantly shorter (P < 10−16, t‐test) compared to circadian intervals with no divisions (p1, p2) lasting 23.7 ± 3.1 h (n = 2,748).
The cell cycle influences circadian phase progression Circadian intervals with divisions (p1,d1,p2) last 21.95 ± 3.8 h (n = 1,926) and are significantly shorter (P < 10−16, t‐test) compared to circadian intervals with no divisions (p1, p2) lasting 23.7 ± 3.1 h (n = 2,748). Duration of circadian interval as a function of circadian phase (θ) at division. The latter is estimated from interpolating between the two maxima. Running mean and standard errors are indicated in gray. Estimation of the instantaneous circadian phase from the wave forms using a hidden Markov model (Supplementary Information). The instantaneous phase (thin green lines, zero phase is defined as the maximum of the waveform) shows a distortion when comparing short circadian intervals (top trace) with longer ones. Note also the slowdown of the phase progression after an early division (shown in red, bottom). Instantaneous circadian phase velocity as a function of the circadian phase for intervals without divisions (black) shows that in cells with early divisions (within the pink interval, n = 103), the circadian phase progression is slowed down around and after the division (red), compared to circadian intervals with no divisions (n = 2,748, horizontal black line). In contrast, cells with late divisions within the light blue interval (n = 234) show a globally shifted velocity and a speedup in circadian phase progression after and around the division (blue). Standard error of the mean for the instantaneous frequency at each time is indicated. For better visualization, the three velocity profiles are normalized (centered) by the nearly flat velocity profile (not shown) in division‐free intervals. The gray line corresponds to 2π/24.
Jonathan Bieler et al. Mol Syst Biol 2014;10:739
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