1. Golden Gate Bridge Presented by: Roberta Aquino Hoang Nguyen
Niels Rasmussen
Daniel Serrao

2. Objective Describe the bridge History Vision
Permit & Financial problems
Construction
Scope, Time, & Cost
Facts today

3. Description Suspension bridge from San Francisco to Marin County
Golden Gate Strait
Longest span in 1937, now 9th worldwide
Total length is 1.7 miles or 8,981 feet
Width of 900 feet
220 feet clearance above high water

4. History Ferry system was the only way until 1900’s
Demand for transportation due to increase in population
James Wilkins revived the idea in 1916
The bridge cannot be built according to engineers
Estimated cost $100 million

5. Vision Joseph Strauss Ohio-born structural engineer
Designed nearly 400 spanning bridges
Feasible to build
Chief Engineer
Estimated cost of only $20-30 million
Quote: “A great city with water barriers and no bridges is like a skyscraper with no elevators. Bridges are a monument to progress.”

6. Permit to Build
Preliminary sketches with cost estimate of $27 million in 1921
Golden Gate Bridge Highway District Act passed in 1923
Secretary of War approved transfer of land in 1924
Final permit issued in 1930

7. Financial
Voters put their homes, farms, & business properties up for collateral
Support $35 million bond
$23,843,905 awarded for the construction in 1932

8. Construction Commenced in 1933 11 died during construction
19 saved by the bridge’s safety net
Expected 35 to die – 1 life per $1 million
Completed after 4 years

9. Scope, Time, & Cost
Scope: To build a bridge connecting San Francisco & Marin County
Time: Although no set time, considered ahead of schedule
Cost: $1.3 million under budget
Bonds were retired in 1971, $35 million in principal & $39 million in interest
Paid entirely from tolls

10. Facts Today Cash tolls to cross is $6 for a 2-axle car
Over 40 million vehicles cross every year
1994: Seven Wonders of the Modern World by American Society of Civil Engineers
The most photographed bridge in the world

11. References
Zuehike, Jeffrey (2010). The Golden Gate Bridge. Minneapolis, Minnesota. Lerner Publications Company.
MacDonald, Donald, & Nadel, Ira (2008). Golden Gate Bridge: History and Design of an Icon. San Francisco, California. Chronicle Books LLC.
Malloy, B. (2001). Golden Gate Bridge Facts. Retrieved August 2, 2012, from
Elliot, Kathleen (2001). Golden Gate Bridge Changes Engineer’s Reasoning: Construction Bridged a Frontier in History. Retrieved August 3, 2012, from
Highway & Transportaion District (July 1, 2011). Auto and Multi-Axle Toll Rates. Retrieved August 3, 2012, from
Wikipedia (July 31, 2012). Golden Gate Bridge. Retrieved August 3, 2012,

12. Questions