1. Cultural Anthropology An Applied Perspective, 5e
Gary Ferraro

2. Chapter One What Is Anthropology?

3. Chapter Outline Physical Anthropology Archaeology
Anthropological Linguistics
Cultural Anthropology
Emic Versus Etic Approaches
Contributions of Anthropology

4. Branches of Anthropology: Physical Anthropology
Paleontology
Primatology
Human variation
Forensic Anthropology
Applied Physical Anthropology

5. Branches of Anthropology: Archaeology
Historical archaeology
Prehistoric archaeology
Contract archaeology
Applied archaeology

6. Branches of Anthropology: Anthropological Linguistics
Historical linguistics
Descriptive linguistics
Ethnolinguistics
Sociolinguistics
Applied linguistics

7. Branches of Anthropology: Cultural Anthropology
Economic anthropology
Psychological anthropology
Educational anthropology
Medical anthropology
Urban anthropology
Political anthropology
Applied cultural anthropology

8. Physical Anthropology
Study of humans from a biological perspective.
Areas of investigation:
Paleoanthropology - emergence of humans and how humans have evolved.
Human variation - how and why the physical traits of human populations vary.

9. Primatology
Study of anatomy and social behavior of nonhuman primate species: gorillas, baboons, and chimpanzees.
Effort to learn about human evolution by studying contemporary nonhuman primates in similar environments.
Tool-making skills found among chimpanzees in Tanzania help explain human strategies for adapting to the environment.

10. Archaeology
Study the people from the past by excavating and analyzing the material culture they leave behind:
Artifacts can be removed from the site and taken to the laboratory for further analysis. Examples: tools, arrowheads.
Features cannot be readily carried away from the site. Examples: house foundations and fireplaces.
Ecofacts are found in the natural environment and were used by humans. Examples: bones, seeds, and wood.

11. Archaeologists Historic archaeologists: Prehistoric archaeologists:
Reconstruct the cultures of people who used writing and about whom historical documents have been written.
Prehistoric archaeologists:
Study the human record of cultures that existed before the development of writing.

12. Anthropological Linguistics
Historical linguistics
Study of emergence of language and how specific languages have diverged over time.
Descriptive linguistics
Study of sound systems, grammatical systems, and the meanings attached to words in specific languages.

13. Anthropological Linguistics
Ethnolinguistics
Study the relationship between language and culture.
Sociolinguistics
Study the relationship between language and social relations.

14. Responding to Unfamiliar Cultures
Ethnocentrically
Responding from the context of one’s own cultural perspective.
Cultural relativist
Responding within the context of the other culture.

15. Limits of Cultural Relativism
If every society is unique and can only be evaluated in terms of its own standards, cross-cultural comparison is virtually impossible.
There is no behavior found in the world that could be considered immoral if the people who practice it consider it acceptable or if it functions for the well-being of the society.

16. Value of Anthropology Individual Societal
The study of different cultures provides a better understanding of one’s own culture and develops valuable leadership skills.
Societal
Understanding different cultures can contribute to the solution of pressing societal problems.