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Ch. 3: Atoms 3.1 Foundations.

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Presentation on theme: "Ch. 3: Atoms 3.1 Foundations."— Presentation transcript:

1 Ch. 3: Atoms 3.1 Foundations

2 History Democritus named the most basic particle
atom- means “indivisible Aristotle didn’t believe in atoms thought matter was continuous

3 History by 1700s, all chemists agreed:
on the existence of atoms that atoms combined to make compounds Still did not agree on whether elements combined in the same ratio when making a compound

4 Law of Conservation of Mass
mass is neither created or destroyed during regular chemical or physical changes

5 Law of Definite Proportions
any amount of a compound contains the same element in the same proportions by mass No matter where the copper carbonate is used, it still has the same composition

6 Law of Multiple Proportions
applies when 2 or more elements combine to make more than one type of compound the mass ratios of the second element simplify to small whole numbers

7 Law of Multiple Proportions

8 Dalton’s Atomic Theory
All mass is made of atoms Atoms of same element have the same size, mass, and properties Atoms can’t be subdivided, created or destroyed Atoms of different element combine in whole number ratios to make compounds In chemical reactions, atoms are combined, separated, and rearranged.

9 Modern Atomic Theory Some parts of Dalton’s theory were wrong:
atoms are divisible into smaller particles (subatomic particles) atoms of the same element can have different masses (isotopes) Most important parts of atomic theory: all matter is made of atoms atoms of different elements have different properties

10 Ch. 3: Atoms 3.2 Structure of Atom

11 Structure of Atom Nucleus: Electron Cloud:
contains protons and neutrons takes up very little space Electron Cloud: contains electrons takes up most of space

12 Subatomic Particles includes all particles inside atom
proton electron neutron charge on protons and electrons are equal but opposite to make an atom neutral, need equal numbers of protons and electrons

13 Subatomic Particles number of protons identifies the atom as a certain element protons and neutrons are about same size electrons are much smaller nuclear force- when particles in the nucleus get very close, they have a strong attraction proton + proton proton + neutron neutron + neutron

14 Atomic Radius size of atom
measured from center of nucleus to outside of electron cloud expressed in picometers (1012 pm = 1 m) usually pm

15 Example An atom has a radius of 140 pm. How large is that in meters?

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