1. Dr. Amar Chandra Das Ghosh
SCOPE OF MICROBIOLOGY
Dr. Amar Chandra Das Ghosh

2. Uses of Microorganisim
Solution: Micro-organisms are too small to be seen through naked eyes. However, they are vital to plants and the environment. i. Lactobacillus is used to form curd from milk. y

3. ii. Rhizobiums present in the roots of pulse plants fix nitrogen from air and supply nitrogen compounds to the pulse plants.
iii. Micro-organisms are also used in winemaking, baking, pickling, and other food making processes.
iv. Alcoholic fermentation by yeast is widely used in the preparation of wine and bread.
v. Microbes are used to reduce pollution. For example, decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead bodies and excreta to form inorganic compounds, which can be absorbed by plants.

4. vi. Microbes also play an import
ant role in the preparation of medicines. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by micro-organisms to kill bacteria. Penicillin is an antibiotic made from Penicillium.
vii. Bacteria present in our intestine helps in proper digestion and release Vitamin B which is absorbed by intestine.
viii. Many vaccines are prepared from micro-organisms. These vaccines are given to children to

5. Microorganisms and its uses
Production of dairy products: Bacteria are the key players here. ...
Bread Baking: A species of Streptococcus is added to the dough before making bread to bring about the required fermentation.
Alcoholic Drinks: ...
Organic acids: ...
Enzymes: ...
Steroid production: ...
Help in sewage treatment: ...
Used as insecticides:

6. What are useful microorganisims?
Microorganisms are very tiny one-celled organisms, viruses, fungi, and bacteria, and are found everywhere in the world. ... Useful Micro-organisms Harmful Micro-organisms There are many useful microorganisms all around us. Yeast is one. Bacteria, used in antibiotics, is another.

7. Beneficial Microorganisims
Microbes include fungi, bacteria and viruses. Farmers and ranchers often think of microbes as pests that are destructive to their crops or animals (as well as themselves), but many microbes are beneficial. Soil microbes (bacteria and fungi) are essential for decomposing organic matter and recycling old plant material.

8. Beneficial microorganisms to human:
Some microbes are used for medicinal production. One of the most important groups of medicines, antibiotics, is produced by fungi and bacteria. The name antibiotics means 'against life'. It is appropriate, because they attack bacteria and other unicellular organisms that are pathogenic for humans.

9. Helpful bacteria:
E. Coli are found in the intestines of humans and aid in digestion.
Streptomyces is used in making antibiotics.
Rhizobium are helpful bacteria found in the soil. They convert nitrogen in the soil.

10. Helpful bacteria in human body
Bacteria also help out by doing things cells are ill-equipped to do. For instance, bacteria break down carbohydrates (sugars) and toxins, and they help us absorb the fatty acids which cells need to grow. ... Most importantly, by having good bacteria in your body, bad bacteria don't get a chance to grow and cause

11. Friendly Microorganisms
The environment is incomplete without microorganisms. They are a crucial part of the ecosystem and take part in activities like production of minerals like nitrogen, gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, cleaning by action on dead matters etc. In various industries, microbes are used intentionally due to their role in human welfare.

12. Food Industry and Beverages
The role of microorganisms in food preparation and beverage manufacturing is known for ages. They are used in the manufacture of bread, curd, wine, and alcohol etc. Lactobacillus bacteria are responsible for the curd formation. They multiply and convert milk into curd. Another example is Yeast which is used commercially for alcohol and wine production. The process is called fermentation. Yeast is also used in baking industries for the preparations of bread and cakes.

13. Micro-flora
Bacteria are not only outside the human body, they live inside the body. Bacteria which persist in the digestive system are collectively known as micro flora. They support the process of digestion by releasing certain enzymes. They live in symbiotic association with a human. Other tasks of micro flora are vitamin K production and thus help in blood clotting. They also prevent the invasion of the body by other fatal  microbs.

14. Pharmaceutical Industry
Antibiotics are well-known examples of the role of microbes in the medical field. Antibiotics are obtained from microorganisms i.e. one strain of bacteria or fungi is used against another strain. Recently many drugs for a variety of diseases are obtained from microorganisms.
Vaccines are another example as they are obtained from the partially killed or weakened microorganisms used to produce antibodies against an antigen (foreign particles) entering the body.

15. Environment
In the environment, microorganisms have two vital roles- one is an enhancement of soil fertility another is cleaning. Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Clostridium are few examples of Nitrogen-fixing bacteria which play a primary role in transforming atmospheric nitrogen into inorganic compounds. As cleaners, they decompose the dead and organic matter and result in the decay of toxic substances.
pseudomonas species help in degradation of oil spills on sea and oceans.
other organisms like streptococci, pseudomonas, zygomonas, candida species, yeast, lactobacilli etc

16. Useful Microorganisms
The environment in which all are living is completely packed with the beautiful and different type of species.
Microorganisms are one among them. They are small, living creatures which are invisible to our naked eye. Hence they are also known as microorganisms or microscopic organisms. These organisms include both unicellular or multicellular. Among all microorganisms, some are more beneficial and harmless, while others harmful and disease-causing pathogens. More instances of useful microorganisms are discussed below.

18. Thank you