1. HERESIES Against the Church

2. DOCETISM ARGUMENT: Jesus only seemed to be human.
IMPLICATION: Jesus was divine but not Human.
PROBLEM: If Jesus was not fully human, neither
was his passion, death, resurrection and ascension; therefore we would not be redeemed.
RESOLUTION: Jesus is fully human and divine.
WHERE/ WHEN/ BY WHOM:
Council of Chalcedon
451
St. Iraneus

3. ARIANISM ARGUMENT: Jesus was created by God.
IMPLICATION: Jesus was made- not Divine.
PROBLEM: If Jesus was not Divine, he would have neither the power, nor authority to redeem us.
RESOLUTION: Jesus is the same substance as the Father, therefore, Jesus is Divine.
WHERE/ WHEN/ BY WHOM:
Council of Nicea
325
St. Athanasius

4. MONOPHYSITISM ARGUMENT: Jesus’ divinity absorbed his humanity.
IMPLICATION: Jesus has only one nature- almost completely divine.
PROBLEM: Jesus is no longer really human.
RESOLUTION: Jesus is one divine person with two natures: human and divine.
WHERE/ WHEN/ BY WHOM:
Council of Chalcedon
451
Pope St. Leo I

5. NESTORIANISM
ARGUMENT: Jesus is human and divine and Mary is only the mother of the human Jesus.
IMPLICATION: God was not born, nor did he die- only Jesus the human side did.
PROBLEM: The crucifixion would mean nothing if the divine side of Jesus did not die
RESOLUTION: Jesus is one divine person with two natures and Mary is the mother of both.
WHERE/ WHEN/ BY WHOM:
Council of Ephesus
431
St. Cyril of Alexandria