1. Asexual Reproduction

2. Reproduction
The process by which organisms generate new individuals of the same kind is called reproduction.

3. Asexual Reproduction
The process by which offspring (babies) are made from a single organism. They inherit information only from that “parent”, which means that they are identical to the parent they were made from.

4. Asexual Reproduction Advantages Disadvantages
Only one individual needed
Fast
Minimal energy required
All offspring are identical
Hinders diversity
More prone to disease/extinction
Population control issues

5. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission
Budding
One parent cell duplicates it’s DNA, and then divides into two cells
Ex: bacteria
An outgrowth on the surface of an organism breaks off, and that piece continues to grow into an adult form
Ex: yeast, hydra

6. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis
An organism breaks into two or more fragments, and each fragment grows into an adult form
Ex: coral, sea stars
An embryo develops from an unfertilized egg
Ex: komodo dragons, some invertebrates

7. Binary Fission
Budding

8. Fragmentation
Parthenogenesis

9. All living things are made of cells.

10. All cells progress through the cycle at different rates.
The Cell Cycle
The time when a cell divides to form two daughter cells to the time those cells divide again.
All cells progress through the cycle at different rates.

11. The cell cycle has two main stages.
M: cell division
Mitosis: division of the cell’s nucleus
Cytokinesis: division of the cell’s cytoplasm
Interphase
cell growth and normal functions
chromosomes duplicate
cell prepares to divide and there is more growth
*Mitosis only occurs if the cell is large enough, and if the DNA is undamaged*
Interphase lasts for about 90% of the total time required for the cell cycle.

12. Mitosis

13. Mitosis ALL cells (except sex cells) are made by mitosis.
In humans, these cells are called somatic cells.
Mitosis forms two genetically identical daughter cells.
Mitosis is a form of asexual reproduction.

14. Three important reasons for cell division:
Growth = adding more cells to the organism
Development = cells become specialized for their function
Repair = body heals itself

15. Interphase The cell is preparing to divide. The DNA is duplicated.
Parent cell
centrioles
spindle fibers
nucleus with
DNA
The cell is preparing to divide. The DNA is duplicated.

16. This is where the spindle attaches.
Prophase
The mitotic spindle fibers start to form.
The chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
The nuclear envelope starts to break down.
Each chromosome consists of a pair of sister chromatids that are joined at the centromere.
This is where the spindle attaches.

17. Metaphase Meta = middle!
Duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
Meta = middle!

18. Anaphase
Sister chromatids separate to opposite sides of the cell.

19. Telophase
Two new nuclei form. Chromosomes begin to uncoil. Mitosis ends.

20. Cytokinesis Cytoplasm divides to create two separate daughter cells
Each new cell has its own nucleus containing identical chromosomes
Each surrounded by its own cell membrane

21. CANCER Free Write: Free Draw: What is cancer to you?
How does it relate to what we’ve been talking about in class?
What does cancer look like to you?

22. What is cancer and how does is relate to mitosis?
The cell cycle is controlled by the cell cycle control system.
Cancer cells have severely damaged cell cycle control systems.
These cells divide excessively and exhibit bizarre behavior.
A lump created from these cancer cells is a malignant tumor.
When these cells spread beyond their original site, it’s called metastasis.
Cancer
What is cancer and how does is relate to mitosis?